Geographical Concepts

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Presentation transcript:

Geographical Concepts IDigBio Train the Trainers Georeferencing Workshop Gainesville, Fl 8-12, Oct 2012

Geographical Concepts 3 main concepts Projection Datum Coordinate system

Geographical Concepts: Projections

Geographical Concepts: Projections Bonne equal-area projection

Geographical Concepts: Projections

What projections do Rectangular projection Tissot’s Indicatrix of distortion

Projections Examples Geographic Mercator preserves NS distance preserves shape (terrible for poles, distorts area)

Projections: Take Home Message Projections compromises… Equal-area True shape True scale True direction Select projection to fit your needs

Geographical Concepts: Datum

Geographical Concepts: Datums Common Datums NAD27 (North American Datum): system derived from land-based surveys, using Clarke 1886 ellipsoid NAD83: satellite-based system using the Earth’s center as a reference point; eventually adopted as GRS80 (Geodetic Ref. System 1980) WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984): mathematically refined GRS80 used by the US military and default for GPS For most uses, NAD83, GRS80, WGS84 are equivalent

Geographical Concepts: Coordinate Systems

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