“Right Side” Technology Systems Paul Titus Rick Dietrich David Sais

Downhole Monitoring System Description: Our system is a tool used in downhole geothermal and oil and gas monitoring applications. This system must withstand an extreme temperature environment (~300C) for at least 6 hours and allow for multiple sensor configurations. The customers need to accurate relay of information captured by the sensors across a 5000 foot wire line. Strategic Response Objectives Highly robust (to extreme downhole environments) Highly reliable (will not fail during operational lifetime) Highly adaptable (modular sensors, configurable to several types of sensors) Back Compatible (can work with legacy systems) Forward compatible (can keep up with technology advances)

System Components Strategic Response Objectives Sensor Wireline Power Source Memory Protective casing Strategic Response Objectives Highly robust (to extreme downhole environments) Highly reliable (will not fail during operational lifetime) Highly adaptable (modular sensors, configurable to several types of sensors) Back Compatible (can work with legacy systems) Forward compatible ( can keep up with technology advances)

CURVE High-Level System/Process Environment Consider both reactive needs & proactive opportunities to seize, within mission Capriciousness: unknowable situations ? (reactive) – underground environmental fluctuations ? (proactive) – understand the full range of operating temperature Uncertainty: randomness with unknowable probabilities ? (reactive) feasibility of solution design ? (proactive) – develop new extreme lab environmental testing capab Risk: randomness with knowable probabilities ? (reactive) signal/noise variations unacceptable in extrm environmts ? (proactive) – redundant systems to increase reliability Variation: knowable variables and variance range ? (reactive) – incompatible with legacy system ? (proactive) – test capability with multiple vendors (DAS & sensors) Evolution: gradual (relatively) successive developments ? (reactive) - discover new markets / applications (deep ocean & space) ? (proactive) – development of new sensors and better, more robust materials (possibly go to 400C)

Agile Architecture Pattern AAP Right Side Technology Systems Encapsulated Modules Wire line (standard high temp three stand wire line Memory (2 GB, 24GB, 48GB) Charge Amplifier (standard high temp) Sensors pressure Temperature Flow Scalable Reusable Evolving Infrastructure Standards Sockets: three pin standard connect Signals: digital signals transferred via wire line Security: encryption to make sure the company purchasing the technology gets the data. Contained wire system. Safety: low voltage data transfer >12 volts, procedure for lowering and lifting the tool into downhole environment. Wireline safety procedure Service: Data capture, encryption, transfer, aquisition sockets (physical interconnect) signals (data/stuff flow between modules) security (trust interconnect) safety (of user, system, and environment) service (system assembly ConOps and evolutionary agility sustainment)

System = Right Side Technology Systems Resources Integrity Management wire line memory Charge amplifier sensors Situational awareness Resource mix evolution Resource readiness Activity assembly Infrastructure evolution Chief Engineer Program Manager Systems Engineer Chief Engineer Systems Engineer Active Infrastructure Passive Config 1 Config 2 Config 3 Sockets Signals Security Safety Service three pin standard connect digital encryption Low voltage / cable safety ops data capture Rules/Standards

RRS Principles: Downhole Monitoring System (Think: Plug-and-Play, Drag-and-drop) Reconfigurable Scalable Reusable Encapsulated Modules Modules are encapsulated independent units loosely coupled through the passive infrastructure. Wire Line; Charge Amplifiers; Sensors; Memory Evolving Infrastructure Standards ConOps and module interface and interaction standards that evolve slowly. Information / data protocols Facilitated Interfacing (Pluggable) Modules & infrastructure have features facilitating easy module insertion/removal. 3-pin standard connectors Redundancy and Diversity Duplicate modules provide fail-soft & capacity options; diversity provides functional options. Memory modules allow for redundant or additional memory; multiple sensors of the same type can be plugged into charge amplifiers and memory chips Facilitated Reuse Modules are reusable and/or replicable; with supporting facilitation for finding and employing appropriate modules. Robust Environmental Casing adaptable to different environments; ability to plug different types of sensors into the rest of the components; capability of the charge amplifier to send messages over 5000ft Elastic Capacity Module populations & functional capacity may be increased and decreased widely within the existing infrastructure. Memory modules allow for redundant or additional memory; sensors with different sensitivities and/or accuracy can be used Peer-Peer Interaction Modules communicate directly on a peer-to-peer relationship; parallel rather than sequential relationships are favored. Sensors could be used in concert to map subterranean or oceanographic features Distributed Control & Information Decisions made at point of maximum knowledge; information accessible globally but kept locally. Locale collect of information captured during 6 hour testing sequence can be combined via cloud as data accumulates Deferred Commitment Module relationships are transient when possible; decisions & fixed bindings are postponed until necessary. Sensors and memory can be configured last minute, immediately prior to deployment Self-Organization Module relationships are self-determined; and component interaction is self-adjusting or negotiated. Sensors self identify to charge amplifier and memory modules

System _Downhole Monitoring System__ Reality Factors Human (Including Customer) Behavior – Human error, whimsy, expediency, arrogance... Wrong interpretation of what “robust” means / they could think robust means shock resistant. Routine process – leaves room for careless mistakes. Ignoring the standard work instruction / not reading the procedure manual Organizational Behavior – Survival rules rule, nobody's in absolute control... “Get er done” – don’t follow procedure attitude. Technology Pace – Accelerating technology and security-vulnerability introductions, sparse testing... Someone is able to hack into the information that is meant for our customer. Casing cannot handle actual environmental requirements. System Complexity – Incomprehensible, highly networked, unintended consequences, emergence... More data is provided than asked for by user/customer. Interpretation of the data becomes difficult. Globalization – Partners with different ethics, values, infrastructures, cultural assumptions... Priority lists and standard procedures are different due to customer location and background diversity. Different data standards Partially-Agile Enterprise Faddish Practices – Outsourcing, web services, transparency, COTS policies/affects... Outsource software development Integrate data analytics Outsource production Agile Customers/Competitors/Adversaries – Distributed, collaborative, self organizing, proactive, impatient, innovative... Price vs utilization. Other? ?

System - Downhole Monitoring System Highly Robust Strategic Activity ConOps Web - Strategic Themes/Values - Functional Activities Highly Reliable Three prong power source Forward Compatible Redundant systems Modular sensors Binary readouts 1’s and 0’s “USB” common connectors Highly Adaptable Back Compatible Standard Data file Digital readout Change the lines and bubbles, this is not a fill-in-the-blank model (Think: Plug-and-Play, Drag-and-drop)

Analyze Activity: Develop Modular Sensors This activity is the primary mechanism for turning customer requirements into the physical device that will deliver existing conditions in the environment to the user via the charge amplifier and line wire. The engineers working on the develop modular sensors activity will need to: Identify the sequence of signals Identify necessary sensing capabilities (e.g. temperature, pressure) Determine how to translate input data into information architecture standard format Identify “pin” interfaces and physical layout

RightSide Downhole Device Closure Matrix

Closure Matrix Descriptions The development of modular sensors will directly feed into the concept of encapsulated modules. This will incorporate a common look, feel, and communication standard to allow for user configuration as needed depending on desired application. The development of modular sensors will use plug and play standards and common physical architecture to facilitate interfacing between the sensors and the charge amplifier backbone. The development of modular sensors will directly contribute to the facilitated re-use of these sensors in new devices as they can be easily removed and replaced or moved into a different base unit. Peer-to-peer interaction will be accomplished in the modular sensors via the common language/architecture through the charge amplifier backbone as the sensors receive their priority status from the user. Deferred commitment of end user sensing capability in the field is enabled through the use of modular sensors that plug into the charge amplifier using standard physical and data standards.

Closure Matrix Descriptions cont’d Multiple modular sensors downhole in different holes allows for distributed control by a single data acquisition system. Self-organization of sensing capabilities is facilitated by self-identification of each modular sensor to the charge amplifier and up-hole data collection system. Evolving infrastructure – the design will adapt to interface changes and advances in technology by utilizing a common industrial USB port. Redundancy and diversity – wires and memory will be 2X redundant in all sensors to mitigate failure due to heat. Elastic capability – the design expansion will be capable of 60% additional memory to account for technology advances.