Renewable Energy Based Hydrogen Production Presented By: H2 Generation Client: Dr. Tom Acker 9/21/2018

Joshua Spear – Team Leader Robert Burke – Team Mediator Ryan Hirschi – Financial Officer Andrew Boone – Secretary/Webpage 9/21/2018 H2 Generation Systems --

Presentation Overview Problem description/State of the Art Research Hydrogen Safety Awareness H2 Generation’s Deliverables Description of Design Analysis of Design Conclusion/Questions and Answer 9/21/2018

The Client Dr. Thomas Acker Professor of Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona University Coordinator of the Renewable Energies Resource Center http://www.cet.nau.edu/Projects/RERC/ 9/21/2018

Is there an Alternative ? “With a new national commitment, our scientists and engineers will overcome obstacles to taking these cars from laboratory to showroom, so that the first car driven by a child born today could be powered by hydrogen, and pollution-free.” President George W. Bush 2003 State of the Union Address 9/21/2018

Problem Statement Design a renewable energy based hydrogen generation station. Client Requirements: Use existing renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen gas. Hydrogen must be produced using water collected on site. Hydrogen must be stored in a manner available to fuel a vehicle. 9/21/2018

Additional Design Criteria Hydrogen use in internal combustion Purity of 99% http://www.homepower.com/files/Hp67p42.pdf Hydrogen use in fuel cell technology Purity of 99.999% USCAR (United States Council for Automotive Research) http://www.uscar.org/Media/2002issue2/hydrogen.htm 9/21/2018

H2 Generation Deliverables: System design incorporating: Specified Design Thermodynamic analysis Simulation Website Demonstration of concept model: Design and construct 9/21/2018

Team Design Budget Maximum design budget of $1000 Design Costs Documents: $75 Fliers: $15 Poster: $15 Model Costs Electrolyzer: $160 Engine: $70 Misc: $30 Total Budget Used: $365 (Under budget) 9/21/2018

State of the Art Research Hydrogen Production methods Hydrogen Storage methods Existing hydrogen production facilities The Schatz Solar Hydrogen Project http://www.humboldt.edu/~serc/trinidad.html 9/21/2018

Safety Awareness: Shifting Paradigms Facts: Hydrogen’s range of combustibility 4%-75% in air (much larger than gasoline) Hydrogen’s flame is invisible in daylight Hydrogen dissipates quickly Myths: Hindenburg---real cause H2 storage is excessively dangerous 9/21/2018

Pre-Design Calculations How Much Hydrogen Do We Need? =>48,000 gallons H2(STP) Assume:30 mpg car 50 miles/month How Much H2 Gas do we get from water? => 1 gallon H20 ~1300 gallons H2 gas How Much Water Do We Need? =>48,000 gallons/ 1300 gallons H2/gallon H20 => 36.92 gallons H20 (~11 million gallons H2 possible) 9/21/2018

Pre-Design Calculations Cont. How Much Energy Do We Have? => ~14,000 KWh @40% efficiency this yields 520,000 gallons H2 What is the Limiting Factor? Electricity is by far the limiting factor in designing the system. Very little water is needed compared to what is available. 9/21/2018

Proposed Project Components 9/21/2018

Water Collection and Treatment System Design 9/21/2018

Water Collection and Treatment Cost Projection The RainCatcher $120 Gilmore 9100 $27 The Rainmaker $398 55 gallon Drum $30 Misc.* $150 Total= $725 *Miscellaneous Parts: Garden Hose Fittings Stand 9/21/2018

System Design I (High Purity) Packard Hydrogen Generator B9800 Hydrogen purity at 99.9999% Solid polymer electrolyte Output pressure 90 psig, with 72 L/h of H2 production Hours to produce needed hydrogen: 7.4 h/day Automatic shutoff, Hydrogen leak detection Certified Safety: National Fire Protection Agency, OSHA http://www.alltechweb.com/productinfo/technical/datasheets/90741d.pdf 9/21/2018

System I Total Cost Packard H2 Generator $19,802 Total= 9/21/2018

System Design II (Low Purity) Components: 3 PEM electrolyzers (Polymer-electrolyte membrane) 2 Purification trains, Hydrogen leak detection 9/21/2018

System II Total Cost $1,470 $3,500 $1,408 $6,378 HM4800 H2 Generator Purification Train $3,500 H2 sensor $1,408 Total= $6,378 9/21/2018

Hydrogen Storage System Design 9/21/2018

Hydrogen Storage *Other Parts: $1,432 Cost Projection $3,500 $225 $148 2 Propane Tanks $1,432 Gas Booster $3,500 Air Compressor $225 Gas Cylinder $148 Other Parts* $100 Total = $5,405 *Other Parts: Pipes to connect components Fittings/Adapters Flashback Arrestors Valves 9/21/2018

Overall Estimated System Costs Water Collection and Treatment $725 Electrolyzer $19,802 Hydrogen Storage $5,405 Total: $25,932 Water Collection and Treatment $725 Electrolyzer $6,325 Hydrogen Storage $5,405 Total: $12,455 9/21/2018

Existing Renewable Energies – Specifications and Analysis Sun – PV Cells Roof of the “Solar Shack” 45 Degree South array Wind – Wind Turbines 1.5kW Bergey wind turbine Precipitation – water collection Roof of solar shack is used to collect water 9/21/2018

Renewable Energy 9/21/2018

Basic Renewable Energy Monthly Break-Down Solar accounts for 98.5% Wind accounts for 1.5% 9/21/2018

Battery / Energy Demand Battery Bank – 24 Volts @ 2400 Amp-hr Invert to and supply 120 VAC Electrical demand – Electrolyzer, compressor and sensor/control devices 9/21/2018

Precipitation Availability Area of collection: Roof of “Solar Shack” Precipitation averages include over 30 years of data Over 10,000 gallons of water will fall upon the “Solar Shack” Roof. Recall: an estimate of 40 gallons required Even with evaporation and snow loss, we will have a large excess 9/21/2018

Analysis Thermodynamic Simulation Simulation Results Worst Efficiency: Air Compressor ~37% Simulation Using Solar Data from 2000 in Microsoft Excel Neglecting wind power input (~1.5%) Calculates volume of hydrogen the system could have produced each month Simulation Results Energy collected: 9,378 kWh 133,965 gallons of H2 @ STP ~ 1700 miles traveled by theoretical racecar 9/21/2018

Working Hours Total Team Hours: 586 hours Average teammate hours: 146.5 hours 9/21/2018

Conclusion H2 Generation completed deliverables: Specified Design Thermo Dynamic Analysis Computer Simulation Demonstration of concept model H2 Generation will soon be completing: Final Report: May 2nd Future Recommendations: Improved Hydrogen Compressor 9/21/2018

Acknowledgements H2 Generation sends thanks to: Dr. Thomas Acker, NAU CET Rob Slack, RERC Bill Young, Bill Young Designs & Hobbies Dr. Earl Duque, NAU CET Dr. David Hartman, NAU CET 9/21/2018

Demonstration of Concept Model 9/21/2018

Questions or Comments? http://www.cet.nau.edu/Academic/Design/D4P/EGR486/ME/02-Projects/h2gas/index.html 9/21/2018