FLUIDS Edition Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

PTOM DENSITY BUOYANCY VISCOSITY GRAB BAG 10 20 30 40 50

Particle Theory of Matter -10 All Particles are constantly _________________ When you add energy (such as heat) particles move _________________

Particle Theory of Matter -10 All particles are constantly in motion (moving) When you add energy (such as heat) particles will move FASTER

Particle Theory of Matter -20 Using the particle theory of matter… describe what a fluid is and how those particles are different than non-fluids (Also include the states of matter to help describe fluids)

Particle Theory of Matter -20 ANSWER Fluids can be liquid or gas. Fluids have particles that are far enough apart to move past one another

Particle Theory of Matter -30 What state of matter is highly compressible and why Explain on a particle theory of matter level

Particle Theory of Matter -30 Answer: Gases

Particle Theory of Matter -40 Explain the difference between Cohesion and Adhesion of particles… How does it relate to PTOM Use life examples of each to help with this description

Particle Theory of Matter -40 Cohesion: Attractive forces between particles of the same type. Adhesion: Attractive forces between particles of different types. Life examples: Water to Water (surface tension) Water to Glass (The meniscus)

Particle Theory of Matter -50 Scenario: It is a cool fall day and temperatures dip below freezing. I realize the tire of my bike is flat so I pump air into the tire to fill it up. The next day the sun is out and much warmer. On my bike ride my tire explodes. WHY? Use multiple vocabulary words/ideas from PTOM!

Particle Theory of Matter -50 Answer: When particles in a gas are heated/warmed they gain energy and move much quicker (as well as space out)… this will create pressure within the tire of the bike. This pressure will cause the tire to burst.

What is the correct formula for Density? D = M x V D = V/M D = M/V D = L xWxH

Density - 10 3) D = M/V Density is Mass divided by Volume

Density - 20 If you had two cubes with the same exact volume (took up the same amount of space) what would the difference be between them if one was a much higher density than the other….

Density- 20 The higher density cube would have a much higher mass (heavier weight)

Density - 30 A  piece of wood that measures 3.0 cm by  6.0 cm by 4.0 cm has a mass of 70.0 grams. What is the density of the wood?  Would the piece of wood float in water? 

Density- 30 Answer: Wood Volume: 72 cm3 Wood Mass: 70 g D= M/V D = 70g/72cm3 D = 0.972 g/cm3 The wood would float because it is less than the density of water which is around 1 g/mL

Density- 40 What did the philosopher Archimedes discover about density and how to find it? What was his method for determining density …. Explain ….

Density - 40 EUREKA!!!!!! Water Displacement to find volume of irregular shapes

Density - 50 Explain three different procedures for finding density 1) How to find density of regular shaped solid objects such as a cube or rectangle 2) How to find density of irregular shaped solids 3) How to find density of different liquids

Density - 50 1 – To find the density of a regular shaped object you need to know the formula for volume… a cube for example is LxWxH Once you have the volume you weigh the cube on a scale to find mass then do D=M/V 2- To find the density of an irregular shaped object you need to do a water displacement. First weigh the irregular shaped object to get mass. Take the initial volume of water in a graduated cylinder. Add an object then observe the change in volume. Then use D=M/V 3- To find the density of a liquid you must find the mass of the liquid alone. You have to weigh the graduated cylinder alone, add the liquid and take the total mass then subtract the mass of the glassware. Then just take a volume reading using the graduated cylinder scale and do D=M/V

Draw a force diagram displaying Buoyant Force and Gravity Buoyancy -10 Draw a force diagram displaying Buoyant Force and Gravity

Buoyancy -10 Draw a force diagram displaying Buoyant Force and Gravity

Buoyancy -20 What are two factors that help increase the buoyancy of high density materials such as metals

Buoyancy -20 Increase Surface Area (Shape) Create hollow shape to trap low density air inside the structure

Buoyancy -30 What is the name of this invention/technology (designed to mimic nature) How does this system help us manipulate buoyant force?

Buoyancy -30 BALLAST TANKS Invented and used by ships and submarines to help control buoyant force. When air fills the ballast tanks the submarine experiences positive buoyancy and will float … When the sub needs to dive down they will begin filling tanks with water and will release the air which will cause a higher density material to fill the space. For a while the submarine will experience neutral buoyancy… but one the tanks have more water than air the overall density will be higher and the sub will dive down.

Buoyancy -40 Draw two labelled force diagrams… one of a metal cube in water and one of a wooden cube in water. What differences would these force diagrams have?

Buoyancy -40 Force of Gravity Force of Gravity Wood Metal Force of Buoyancy Force of Buoyancy

Buoyancy -50 Positive Buoyancy Neutral Buoyancy Negative Buoyancy Explain the difference between the following: Positive Buoyancy Neutral Buoyancy Negative Buoyancy Use a life example in the explanation

Buoyancy -50

Viscosity - 10 Compare the Viscosity of each and the Flow Rate Which has higher viscosity Which has higher flow rate

Viscosity - 10 Honey has a higher viscosity and a slower flow rate Water has a lower viscosity and a higher (faster) flow rate

How does increasing temperature affect viscosity of a liquid?

Viscosity - 20 When you increase temperature the fluid will lose some viscosity. Particles will gain energy and move faster… causing the flow rate to increase and the thickness of the liquid to decrease

Viscosity - 30 Define Viscosity

Viscosity - 30 Viscosity is a property of fluids It is a fluids resistance to flow. The more viscous the fluid the more resistance the particles are to movement or change in shape. Viscosity = Thickness

Viscosity - 40 How can we compare different liquids viscosities? Describe the method or measure we can take to make this observation?

Viscosity - 40 We can use FLOW RATE to help us compare viscosity of different liquids Race liquids down an incline

Viscosity - 50 In the viscosity race lab describe 3 possible sources of error (things that may not have been controlled properly) that may have affected the results of the lab Explain how these could be better controlled in a lab setting if we did this lab again

Viscosity - 50 Change of the incline of the tray between trials Answer: Change of the incline of the tray between trials Temperature difference between liquids Difference in pouring height Difference in amount of liquid poured in each trial/from liquid to liquid Timing/human error/reaction time

Grab Bag - 10 What is Pressure?

Grab Bag – 10 Pressure is the force acting on a certain area of a surface. When you press your hand against a wall, you are applying pressure on that particular area of the wall. If you increase the force, the pressure will also increase. The relationship among force, area, and pressure: (1)   The larger the force, the greater the pressure, and (2) the smaller the area, the greater the pressure

Grab Bag - 20 Can you give 2 examples of objects or items that display some buoyancy in air and explain

Grab Bag– 20

What is a Hydraulic System? Can you give examples? Grab Bag - 30 What is a Hydraulic System? Can you give examples?

Grab Bag – 30 A pressurized system that uses moving liquid to transfer force Examples: The human heart A hydraulic pump Hydraulic cylinder in a rollercoaster Hydraulic mechanism in a dump truck or excavator

What units do the graduated cylinders measure volume in? Grab Bag - 40 What is the correct way to measure the volume of a liquid in the lab (how do we ensure the reading is accurate)? What units do the graduated cylinders measure volume in?

Grab Bag – 40 Use the scale on the side of the glassware Look at eye-level Read from the bottom of the curve (meniscus)

Grab Bag - 50 Are solids typically more dense or less dense than liquids? Is ICE (the solid form of water) more or less dense that WATER (liquid)? Explain your thinking!

Grab Bag – 50 ICE FLOATS Water is a bent molecule So when the particles lose heat and freeze… they are actually LESS DENSE than water which is why ICE FLOATS