Early Hominids Part II February 2, 2005.

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Presentation transcript:

Early Hominids Part II February 2, 2005

Homo habilis 2.2mya – 1.6 mya Larger brain (700-850 cc) Generalized dentition Sexual dimorphism Oldowan tools

Homo habilis Oldowan tools Indicator of intelligence Stone hand axes Scrapers Horn tools Indicator of intelligence

Homo habilis Hypothesis 1: hunters’ home base Hypothesis 2: scavengers’ processing center H. habilis probably scavenged meat to supplement seeds and nuts

Homo erectus 2mya – 500kya First to control fire Built shelters Acheulian stone tools Seasonal hunting and gathering

Homo erectus Acheulian stone tool technology Hand axe

Homo erectus Famous examples: Nariokotome Boy (Turkana) Java Man (Trinil) Peking Man (Zhoukoudian)

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens Archaic Homo sapiens 300-30kya (Iraq, Zambia, China) Neandertals (Homo sapiens neandertalensis) 130-30kya Anatomically modern Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens sapiens) 200kya

Neandertals Wore clothes Hunted reindeer, mammoth and wooly rhino Rugged bones, muscles Mousterian tools Very large brains

Neandertals Cold Adaptations: Stocky build Long face and nose, large nasal cavities Rugged bones and muscles

Core/Blade Tools

Could they talk?

Neandertals

Skhul Skull

Neandertal-What Happened? Separate lineage descended from H. erectus Interbred with modern H. sapiens in Europe Too specialized to evolve into modern H. sapiens

Homo sapiens sapiens Appeared in Africa 200,000 years ago Left Africa 135,000 years ago Europe 40,000 years ago Australia 60,000 years ago? Americas 20-30,000 years ago?

Tool Technology

Cave Art

Homo sapiens sapiens Out of Africa Multiregional Multiple waves of migration out of Africa Multiregional H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens independently in different regions

“Eve” Hypothesis Variation on Out of Africa mtDNA Inherited through mother Varies only in case of mutation One female ancestor, 200kya

Brain Size Homo sapiens sapiens 1,350 Homo sapiens neandertalensis 1,430 Archaic Homo sapiens 1,135 Homo erectus 900 Homo habilis 800 Modern Chimpanzees 390 (Cubic Centimeters)

Time Line