MLA Style I can demonstrate understanding of MLA style for writing in-text and work cited annotations.

Remind Text Messages!  For homework reminders and other class announcements!

Remind Text Messages!  For homework reminders and other class announcements!

Welcome: Reading Quiz

The Modern Language Association Citation Style (MLA Citation) MLA, like other citations styles consists of two things: In-text Citations (Also called Parenthetical Citations) Works Cited Page (composed of Bibliographic Entries) **You must utilize both correctly to avoid plagiarism! Here it is important to tell students that there are many other citation styles, and most of them have the same logical structure as MLA. However, there are differences in how dates are viewed, and whether citations always have page numbers or not. An example that can be used it to tell the students that in APA, the year is extremely important. So important, in fact, that the year goes right after the author’s name and unless someone is quoting, there is no page number, but the year is always there. It is also important to tell students that no matter which citation style they use, they will be required to put some kind of source information in the text and also a references or works cited page at the end. That is part of the underlying logic behind citations styles.

Why Use MLA Format? Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily Provides consistent format within a discipline Gives you credibility as a writer Protects yourself from plagiarism

In-Text or Parenthetical Citations …a system in which you give your source in parentheses immediately after you give the information. Four Common Citations: Author and page number Title and page number Page number only Secondhand quotations The first word of your citation match the corresponding entry on your Works Cited page!

Cite Your Sources!! In-text citations of sources have two requirements: They need to include enough information for the audience to find the source on the works cited page. They need to include enough information so the audience knows where to find the borrowed material in the original source you used. Examples (Last Name Page #) (Garcia 136) Between the two parts of MLA, in-text citations (sometimes called “parenthetical citations”) are the most important. There will be more of these than there will be bibliographic entries. If even one of these citations is missing where information has been borrowed from a source, technically the writer has plagiarized.

Types of In-text Citations In-text citations can come in two main forms: 1. Author named within the quote: At one point, Cofer writes, “Growing up in a large urban center…I suffered from what I think of as cultural schizophrenia” (175). 2. Author not named within the quote: “On the other side, many Americans expressed surprise at the frequency with which French people spoke about money” (Carroll 313). There are many varieties of citations, but these refer to how the information and the author is presented while using the source information in the paper. It is also important to stress that not all the citations should be done one way. That would look to formulaic and the teacher will probably not see it as good writing. It will be a good idea to vary the formats a little. *As you can see, both styles of citations include the author’s last name and the page number.

In-Text Citation – Author & Page No. (Keeling 125) Notice there is no “p” and no comma. The struggle for identity is common during puberty (Keeling 125).

In-Text Citations – Title & Page No. Her distinctive writing style adds to her mystique (“Plath” 19). Often, articles, editorials, pamphlets, and other materials have no author listed; thus, give the first distinctive word of the title followed by page #

In-Text Citations – Page No. Only If you have already mentioned the author’s name, put a page number only: Keeling states that Plath’s work stands in stark contrast to other confessional poets (58).

In-Text Citation – Organization as Author Often, an organization serves as the author: The National Council for Teachers of English state that students bring insider knowledge of youth culture and a passion for and investment in its texts and practices (5). OR Students bring insider knowledge of youth culture (National Council for the Teachers of English 5).

Other forms of In-Text Citations Two authors: (Johnson and Rodriguez 221) Three or more authors: (York et al. 75)  “et al.” means “and others” A work with no page numbers (like a webpage): (Miller) *You add the full title only if it is short. If it is a long title, you only use the first one or two words. There are many different forms of citations, depending on the type of source. However, these are the main five. For all other formats, they should consult their grammar handbook, or even better, the MLA handbook.

Works Cited Entries A Works Cited Page is composed of Works Cited Entries, commonly called bibliographic entries. There are dozens of different types of sources, and there is an MLA work cited format for each one. *Because there are so many different formats for bibliographic entries, you do not need to memorize more than a couple. You can use resources to look up the other, less common formats* The other half of MLA citation is the Works Cited page, which is composed of bibliographic entries that match up to the in-text citations in the paper. For every unique citation in the paper there should be a corresponding bibliographic entry. That allows the reader to look up the citation on the Works Cited page and find out how they can find that source themselves, should they want to. Also, although there are over 60 different formats for bibliographic entries, these five are the most commonly used and if they learn how to do these five very well, then they can understand the others that are in the book. It is impossible to memorize all of the formats, so it is good to always go back to the book as a reference.

Works Cited for Books Basic Format: Last, First. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year. Medium of Publication. One Author example: Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice. Cambridge: Harvard Press, 1982. Print. Two Author example: Embry, Carol and Joseph Addison. The lives of the Eighteenth Century Satirists. London: Penguin, 1796. Print. A book with one author is the most common format at the moment. However, with websites cropping up so quickly and e-books becoming more commonplace, there will be other formats that need to be used too. However, this one is a good format to start learning MLA because it has all the main components of an informative entry.

An Article from an online database magazine Basic Format: Last, First. “Article Title.” Name of Mag Date of publication: page numbers. Name of database. Vendor. Medium of publication. Date Visited. For example: Khan, John. “The Chinese Theatre.” Journal of Drama Studies June 2003: 145-68. Proquest. Gale Learning. Web. 2 May 2011. Aside from books, most other reputable sources are periodicals. It is important to tell students that journals, newspapers and magazines are all periodicals. They are called “periodicals” because they come out more than once and at specified intervals. That is they come out “periodically.” For Spanish speaking students this is easy to remember because, in Spanish, the work for newspaper is “periodico.”

An Internet Site Basic Format: Last, First. “Title of page.” Title of website. Date written or posted. Medium of publication. Date visited. For example: Smith, Mary. “Science in America.” United States Science. 3 May 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2011. Webpages are increasingly becoming popular sources for information. However, it is important to mention to students that many of these pages contain incorrect information and therefore they are not reputable sources to use. With this in mind, students should be careful which websites they should believe. Using government websites and some schools sites are good, but others cannot be fully trusted because they lack the credibility. *Because webpages are unregulated, there is a great degree of variation on whether it will have all these pieces of information. If your site does not, skip that piece and move on to the next one.

General Tips: Dates Dates are formatted in the following order: Day Abbreviated Month Year Ex: 4 May 2015 10 June 2015 25 Oct. 2015 Abbreviate all months except May, June, and July. Use the first 3 letters AND a period for your abbreviations. If there is NO DATE GIVEN FOR PUBLICATION, you must put n.d.

General Tips: Works Cited List only those sources that you actually used List the complete title of the article, essay, or book Alphabetize your list by authors’ last names or the first main word in a title Online sources usually follow the print format but you must indicate “web” for medium of publication and include your date of access. Format – Author’s last name first Double-space Left Margin Indent second and third lines five spaces Most item separated by periods – leave one space after ending punctuation. Place a period at the end of each entry.

Now for some practice! Before proceeding, it would be useful to ask if there are any questions. That way they can feel a little more confident when answering the following four questions.

Which of the following examples is a correctly formatted citation for a one author book, where the quoted material comes from page 75? (Jones, 75) (Jones, p.75) The answer to this one is (Jones 75). Hopefully, they will recognize that MLA is very simple and “clean.” It rarely uses commas in in-text citations, so this should be easy to learn. (Jones 75) (Jones page 75)

Correct! (Jones 75) In text citations for one author books only contain the author’s last name and the page number. You should not put a comma, “p.” or “page.” If they got this one correct on the first try, then they have learned the simplicity of in-text citations and that is a great start. Congratulate them before moving on.

Which of the following examples is a correctly formatted citation for a two author book, where the quoted material starts on page 84 and ends on page 86? (Garica and Lo, 84-86) (Garica and Lo 84-86) Although this example was not expressly covered in the presentation, this should help them start developing their critical thinking aspects of how to use what they know and apply it to a new situation. (Garica & Lo 84-86) (Garica & Lo 84 to 86)

Correct!  (Garica and Lo 84-86) In text citations for two author books contain the authors’ last names separated by “and”, and the page number. When there is a range of pages, you put the starting page, a dash, and then the ending page. It would be wonderful if they got it on the first try. If they did, tell them they are on their way to becoming citation “experts.”

The example below is what kind of a bibliographic citation? Erickson, Leif. “How I discovered America.” Journal of Viking Studies 24 (1991): 25-42. Print. Periodical Book with one author This question is testing whether they remember that journals are a type of periodical. Webpage Newspaper

Correct!  Periodical Bibliographic citations that have “” quotation marks, automatically should tell you that it is a selection in another publication. Therefore, these types of citations are either journal, magazine, or newspaper articles (all periodicals). Once they get it correct, you have the opportunity to reinforce that the idea that articles go in quotation marks, while the publication in which they come are underlined. That is true for every type of periodical.

In the following citation, what part of it is incorrect? Holland, Merlin, and Miller, John. The Big Book of Stories. Chicago: Altamira Press, 2000. Print. City 2nd Author’s Name This particular question is trying to assess whether they understood that the names of additional authors (other than the first) always are presented in “normal” order. Publisher 1st Author’s Name

Correct!  2nd Author’s Name Bibliographic citations list the first author’s name “last name” first and “first name” last, but all other authors are listed “first name” first and “last name” last. If they got all four correctly on the first try, then they really were paying attention to the presentation and you do not have to worry too much about how they will do on their own.

Races! I will put up scrambled information for a source. It is your job to determine which type of format to use and follow it to create the correct MLA works cited citation for this source. The first three people to bring me correct citations for each source will get a treat!

Source 1: Publication date: April 2013 Periodical Title: Cardiology Today Issue: 4 Date of Access: September 18, 2014 Volume: 25 Authors: Fitzgerald Smith and Regina Gold Article: Cholesterol and Myocardial Infarction Page: 20-22

Source 1: Smith, Fitzgerald and Regina Gold. “Cholesterol and Myocardial Infarction.” Cardiology Today 25.4 (2013): 20-22. Web. 18 Sep. 2014.

Source 2: Publication date: None listed Website: WebMD Date of Access: June 22, 2014 Page on Website: Find a vitamin or supplement: folic acid Authors: None listed. Publisher: WebMd URL: http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/

Source 2: “Find a Vitamin or Supplement: Folic Acid.” WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 22 June 2014. DO NOT NEED URL!

Source 3: Year of Publication: 2013 Title: Writing New Media: Teaching Composition Publisher: Holt Publishing City: Boston Author: Jill Henley and Roger Betts

Source 3: Henley, Jill and Roger Betts. Writing New Media: Teaching Composition. Boston: Holt, 2013. Print.

What you learned today In this lesson you learned: about plagiarism, the importance of citation styles, and how to use MLA citation style. Now that they have been exposed to the three objectives it is time to use the knowledge and apply it to a paper. There is nothing like actually writing a researched essay or paper to build up the skills in using citation styles. The next slide has links that can serve as good links for understanding plagiarism, and also for seeing all the different citations and entries in MLA. (Presentation adapted from the Savannah County Public Schools’ Libraries)

Assessment: Take out the sources you have gathered for your research project and use the MLA resources from today to help you create works cited citations for each. Turn them in when you finish! Now that they have been exposed to the three objectives it is time to use the knowledge and apply it to a paper. There is nothing like actually writing a researched essay or paper to build up the skills in using citation styles. The next slide has links that can serve as good links for understanding plagiarism, and also for seeing all the different citations and entries in MLA.