MANAGEMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING SIXTH EDITION COLIN DRURY
The application of quantitative methods to management accounting Part Six: The application of quantitative methods to management accounting Chapter Twenty-five: Quantitative models for the planning and control of stocks © 2000 Colin Drury
PLANNING AND CONTROL OF STOCKS 25.1 PLANNING AND CONTROL OF STOCKS 1. Reasons for holding stocks • Transaction motive • Precautionary motive • Speculative motive 2. Relevant costs required for determining EOQ • Holding costs • Ordering costs 3. Holding costs • Opportunity cost of investment in stocks • I ncremental insurance costs • Incremental warehouse and storage costs • Incremental material handling costs • Costs of deterioration and obsolete stocks 4. Ordering costs • Incremental clerical costs of preparing a purchase order, receiving deliveries and paying invoices. © 2000 Colin Drury
25.2 Determining the EOQ © 2000 Colin Drury
Economic order quantity graph 25.3 Economic order quantity graph © 2000 Colin Drury
25.4a EOQ formula © 2000 Colin Drury
Determining the length of a production run 25.4b Determining the length of a production run © 2000 Colin Drury
25.5 Quantity discounts © 2000 Colin Drury
Determining when to place the order Assume: EOQ = 600 units; Lead time = 2 wks; Usage per wk = 120 units Re-order point = 2 weeks × 120 units = 240 units. With an EOQ of 600 units orders will be placed at five-weekly intervals. © 2000 Colin Drury
25.6b Uncertain demand If weekly demand exceeds 120 units there will be a stockout. Therefore safety stocks are maintained and re-order point is: (Average usage during average lead time) + (Safety stocks) © 2000 Colin Drury
25.6c Uncertain demand contd. © 2000 Colin Drury