Review your notebook for our new unit: Decomposer CVR – Stamp Opening Activity: Feb. 7, 2017 Review your notebook for our new unit: Decomposer CVR – Stamp Opening Activities (1/25, 1/26, 1/27 & 1/30) Final Review Sheet Cells Alive and Stamp Lab #11 Data Table and Analysis Questions w/ Stamp Membrane/Cell Review Homework: Complete Initial Ideas if not done in class. I can…Explain how scales can be used to study organisms

Scales for Biology 2 Organism (human) Biosphere Atom Tissue Organize the terms from smallest to largest: Organism (human) Biosphere Atom Tissue Population (of humans) Ecosystem Body System Community Cell Molecule Organ

Large, Macro, Micro, & Atomic-Molecular Scales for Biology 2 Organize the terms from smallest to largest: Organism, Biosphere, Atom, Tissue, Population, Molecule, Ecosystem, Community, Cell, Biosphere, Molecule. Compare with your partner and class. Identify each section of your organization with the following scales. Large, Macro, Micro, & Atomic-Molecular 4. How do these scales work together to support growth in organisms.

Pick up a planaria prediction at front table. Opening Activity: Feb. 8, 2017 Pick up a planaria prediction at front table. Name a vocabulary word from each scale discussed yesterday. Homework: Complete Initial Ideas if not done in class. I can…Predict changes in planaria at different scales

What are Planaria? Freshwater flatworms (phylum: Platyhelminthes) Live in freshwater under leaves and stones Avoid light (“negative phototaxis”) Free living – not parasites Carnivores – eat decaying meat, insects and larvae (egg yolks or liver in the lab) 1-20 mm in size Long lived Use sexual or asexual reproduction This picture has been released it into the public domain.

Overview of Brown Planaria Dugesia tigrina

Planaria are complex organisms with systems and tissues Nervous System Gastrovascular System

Excretory/Osmoregulatory System Reproductive System

Today: Observe the planaria Initial Ideas: How do you think planaria generation will occur at the organism, cellular, and molecular levels? Tomorrow: Decide how your team will cut your experimental planaria (Planaria B) Write hypotheses for each planaria: control, cut in half (A), and your experimental planaria (B) Set up your lab notebook to collect data Label containers for your planaria

I will come around and stamp your planaria predictions. Opening Activity: Feb. 9, 2017 I will come around and stamp your planaria predictions. Share your ideas from your predictions at your table. Create a list of the following: 2 ideas that are similar to yours. 2 ideas that are different than yours. I can…make a hypothesis on the regeneration of planaria. Identify a 4th biomolecule. Homework: DNA Monomer Coloring

Ethical Treatment of Animals 3 Rs of humane experimental techniques: Replacement: Where possible, substitute non-living materials (i.e. prepared tissue slides) Reduction: Limit the number of animals used, but do not increase the suffering of individual animals Refinement: Minimize the impact of any procedure or condition on the wellbeing of the animal

Student Laboratory Investigation Each team will observe 3 planaria: Experimental Planaria A Every team will cut this into half, separating the anterior from the posterior halves. Experimental Planaria B This will be cut in a manner determined by your team. Control Planaria C (for class) This will not be cut. Used with permission from UC Museum of Paleontology

Plenty of Planaria

Care and Feeding of Planaria The water is very important! Fresh water from a pond, stream or lake is best; spring water is adequate Keep cultures in a cool, dark place Feed planaria at least once a week Change the water twice a week, especially after feeding After cutting them, the cultures should not be fed

I will stamp your planaria hypothesis. Opening Activity: Feb. 10, 2017 I will stamp your planaria hypothesis. List the following variables from Lab #12 Manipulating Variable Responding Variable Control Variables (list 3) 3. What was the “Experimental Control”? I can…Identify the monomers and create a model of the 4th biomolecule. Homework: Maybe….

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid STORES GENETIC INFORMATION The 4th Biomolecule DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid STORES GENETIC INFORMATION Example of a polymer

Comparing DNA to other Biomolecules Atoms # of atoms in one molecule Glucose C, H, O 24 Starch ~1000 Phospholipids 120 Protein C, H, O,N 500,000 DNA DNA Atoms – CHONP # of Atoms – 4.25 billion in each chromosome

DNA is arranged into polymers called chromosomes (built from nucleotide monomers) Chromosomes can get packed together to take up less space Chromosome = single molecule of DNA

DNA forms a double helix… Discovered by Rosalind Franklin, James Watson & Francis Crick

DNA is made of monomers called nucleotides

DNA is made of monomers called nucleotides Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Pairs to  Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)

Nucleotides always pair specifically = complementary base pairing A - T C - G

Let’s make a double helix! Lab #13 Modeling DNA Let’s make a double helix! Color the parts of the nucleotide monomers as follows: Adenine (A) = red Cytosine (C) = blue Guanine (G) = green Thymine (T) = yellow Sugar = orange Phosphate = purple Color and cut out each of the monomers. Link monomers (biosynthesis) to build chromosomes. The left side of your double helix should spell CAT. Use the remaining nucleotide monomers to finish the complementary strand of the double helix. Draw your DNA molecule and answer questions in journal. Group Quiz – When whole group is done, quiz and STAMP!