Bio 9A: Monday, January 25, 2010 Title: Cell Specialization, Part 2 Homework: Read Section 35-2 (pgs 897-900). and take notes using active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details. Do Now: Look over your midterm exam In your notebook, write down: One thing you did well One thing you could have improved on Any questions you have about the midterm Today’s Objectives: Review the Midterm Exam and answer MAJOR questions (individual issues need to be discussed after school) Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions

Today’s Agenda Review Midterm Exam results Class and grade results Major questions you have Cell Specialization Investigation Worksheet w/ a partner Class discussion & brief notes

Midterm Exam Results Class Data Graphed Class Median Grade: 79 Class Average Grade: 76 Class Median Grade: 79 9th Grade Average Grade: 76 9th Grade Median Grade: 79 Class Data Graphed Number of 9A Students with each exam score Grade on Midterm Exam

Investigate Cell Specialization Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures “Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

PHA Biology 9 Moretti and Dickson The Nervous System PHA Biology 9 Moretti and Dickson

Neurons Neuron = a specialized nerve cell Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses) Structure: Long branches send and receive signals Cell body coordinates incoming and outgoing signals

Neurons: Structure and Function Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles Axon: Takes impulses away from cell body Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Bio 9A: Tuesday, January 26, 2010 Title: The Nervous System Homework: In notebook – 2 paragraphs summarizing class notes (see assignment sheet for details…) How do the brain, spinal cord, sensory nerves, and motor nerves work together to sense and respond to a stimulus? How does the structure of a neuron fit its function? Do Now: What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron? Today’s Objectives: Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components Explain how neurons receive and send messages

This week… Today: Notes on the Nervous System Thursday: Reaction Time Lab! Friday: Wrap up this unit with a short open-notes quiz on the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Next week… Genetics!!

Nervous System: Major Divisions Working Together Objectives for Class: Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

Nervous System: The 2 Major Divisions Central Nervous System = Brain and spinal cord Brain: Processes information, controls responses Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves, controls reflex responses. Peripheral Nervous System = All other nerves throughout the body Motor nerves send info from brain to muscles Sensory nerves send info from sense organs to brain Image: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg Objectives for Class: Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

Nervous System: Major Divisions Working Together Objectives for Class: Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

Review: Neuron Structure and Function Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles Axon: Takes impulses away from cell body Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Neurons: Structure and Function Axon Cell Body Dendrites Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Neurons: Structure and Function Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Nerve Impulse: A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron 3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse: Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron). Electric impulse travels to cell body. Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals. Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste, another neuron’s signal) Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

The “wave” of a nerve impulse: Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Neurons communicate with other cells… Other neurons Muscle cells Brain cell Motor neuron Muscle cell Synapse: The place where a neuron connects to another cell Motor neuron

Communication At the Synapse: Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule). Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell. This triggers an impulse in the next cell. Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Bio 9A: Thursday, January 28, 2010 Title: Reaction Time Lab Homework: Prepare notes for the quiz tomorrow – you can use anything written on your lab packet (see back page). Do Now: What is the difference between a sensory neuron and an motor neuron? How does a neuron signal a muscle cell? Today’s Objectives: Measure how fast your nervous & muscle systems can react to a falling meter stick Explain how the nervous and musculoskeletal systems work together to make you move!

Agenda Reaction Time Lab: HW: Notes to prep for quiz tomorrow. Review Do Now. Reaction Time Lab: Intro & Review Procedure (as a class) Pre-Lab Questions (with your partner) Choose Roles and Do Part I Switch Roles and Repeat Part I Do Part II (make a data table, experiment, then switch roles) Answer the Post-Lab Conclusions  These must be completed in class! HW: Notes to prep for quiz tomorrow. GOAL: Explain how the nervous, muscle, and skeletal systems work together to make you catch a falling meter stick.