Chapter 11 Section 2 Imperialism2

Imperialism Forms of imperialism Colony: a country or territory governed by a foreign power Protectorate: a country or territory with its own internal gov’t but controlled by a foreign power Sphere of influence: an area where an outside power claims exclusive trading rights Economic Imperialism: an independent , less developed country controlled by private foreign business interests

Management Methods The British and the United States preferred indirect control: used existing political rulers to enforce the ruling countries policies The French and most European nations preferred direct control: the countries who used this method believed the Africans were unable to rule themselves They used paternalism: providing for the people but, ignoring their rights They also wanted assimilation: or the foreign people accepting the ruling nations culture

Gaining control of Nigeria The British used diplomatic & military methods to gain control in Nigeria Some local leaders agreed to British policies and signed treaties to allow Britain to rule Others rebelled and the British had to use military force to rule The rest of Nigeria was given to the British at the Berlin Conference

Managing the Colony of Nigeria Tremendous cultural diversity in Nigeria 250 ethnic groups Multiple religions, languages, and cultures 3 major groups Hausa-Fulani: Muslims Igbo: traditional tribal beliefs Yoruba: traditional tribal beliefs Britain could not use force to control the entire area Used indirect rule The Igbo & Yoruba resented having their power limited

African Resistance Many African states resisted European rule Only Ethiopia was able to resist European rule Samori Tour`e: led West Africa against France His people fought France for 16 years under his leadership 1905: the Maji-Maji uprising against the Germans occurred when 20 ethnic groups united to fight for their freedom Over 140,000 Africans were killed in the fighting and from famine

Ethiopia: Successful Resistance Menelik II: emperor of Ethiopia Declared war on Italy after Italy tried to trick him into giving up his country to them The Battle of Adowa Ethiopia defeated Italy in one of the greatest victories for the African people ever Menelik II continued to stock pile modern weapons in case another foreign power invaded

Legacy of Foreign Rule Negative Effects Deaths: Break down of culture Famine Disease Break down of culture Loss of property Loss of identity for the people The Division of the Continent was the most harmful effect Political alliances were broken Some political alliance were forced on the people Artificial boundries were created

Legacy of Foreign Rule con’t Positive effects Reduction in local warfare Improved sanitation, health care, & schools Economic expansion Construction of an infrastructure Most of these improvements benefited the European nations more than the people of Africa