Why would people risk their lives for democracy? Explain your answer. Bell Ringer Why would people risk their lives for democracy? Explain your answer.

Developing Government

Major Forms of Gov’t Monarchy State ruled by a king Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right Aristocracy State ruled by nobility Rule is hereditary and based on family ties, social rank, and wealth Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority Oligarchy State ruled by a small group of citizens Rule is based on wealth or ability Ruling group controls the military Direct Democracy State ruled by its citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides vote

Current World Gov’ts

Reforms of Solon Outlawed slavery based on debt Canceled farmers’ debt Developed new class system Made it so any citizen can vote Not citizens: women, foreigners, and slaves Slaves made up 1/3rd of the population

Regarded as founder of democracy Cleisthenes Regarded as founder of democracy Balanced power of rich and poor Increased power of laws and debate

Increased the number of paid public juries Pericles Increased the number of paid public juries Paid jurors Formed a direct democracy

Government should be run by educated philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle Government should be run by educated philosophers

Athens vs. US Political power exercised by citizens Both US Citizens: male, at least 18, with citizen parents Laws voted on and proposed directly by assembly of all the citizens Leader chosen by lot Executive branch: council of 500 Juries varied in size No attorneys, no appeals, one-day trials Political power exercised by citizens 3 branches of gov’t Legislative branch passes laws Executive branch carries out laws Judicial branch conducts trials with paid jurors Citizens: born in the US or naturalized Representative gov’t Elected president Executive branch made up of elected and appointed officials 12 person juries Attorneys, appeals

Rome: Plebeians vs. Patricians

A Republic Representative government People elect officials Officials make gov’tal decisions

Plebeians Commoners Farmers Artists Merchants

Patricians Aristocrats Landowners Inherited status

Patricians couldn’t change interpretation of the law to suit them Twelve Tables Plebeian victory Written law code Patricians couldn’t change interpretation of the law to suit them

Religious Government

Focused on individual morality and ethics Judaism Focused on individual morality and ethics Not political Torah/Hebrew Bible/Old Testament

Ten Commandments

Christianity Jesus of Nazareth Individual Love God Neighbors Enemies Yourself Eternal kingdom New Testament

Islam Muhammad Equality of all persons Dignity of all human beings Brotherhood of all people Koran/Qur’an