Causes of Migration - bantu

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Presentation transcript:

Causes of Migration - bantu Bantu “the people” (sub-Saharan Africa) Population pressure (over population) agricultural advancements climate change (desertification) Population growth due technology (iron metallurgy)

Causes of Migration- vikings Vikings “Northmen or Norsemen” (Scandinavia) Population pressure due to climate change (food shortage) Love of adventure and desire for treasure Superiority on the seas – shipbuilding techniques and seafaring skills Vikings did not seek new land to settle initially; rather to raid and plunder Gokstad ship, Norway

Causes of Migration- polynesian Polynesian/Austronesian (Pacific Islands) Contests for power and influence led to tension – migration offered an alternative to conflict Manunggul Jar, Phillipines

Course of Migration - Bantu 1500 years from just south of Sahara to southern tip of Africa Superiority over local adversaries due to technology (iron weapons) Migrated slowly and established new settlements Used canoes to follow rivers through Congo rain forests, settled on riverbanks Then eastward into savannas, adapting herding goats to raising cattle and adding new crops (bananas)

Bantu Migration - Maps Bantu Migrations Language Groups of modern Africa – notice Madagascar – why is it Austronesian?

Course of Migration - Vikings Superiority on the seas – shipbuilding techniques and seafaring skills Vikings did not seek new land to settle initially; rather to raid and plunder Viking Age 790-1066 Initially west to Iceland 874CE, Greenland, N America (Leif Erickson first European on North American soil?) Norwegians raiding and settling in Western England and Ireland Swedish to North-South Russian Rivers (all the way to Caspian and Black Seas – eventually to Constantinople) Raid, pillage, plunder – eventually settle and convert “From the wrath of the Northmen, O Lord, deliver us!”

Viking Migration Maps 8th Century 9th Century 10th Century Green denotes areas subjected to frequent Viking raids but with little to no Scandinavian settlement

Course of migration - polynesian East towards Pacific and West towards Africa Sailed outrigger canoes over “blue water” In 800 years - from New Guinea to Hawai’i, Madagascar, and New Zealand

Polynesian Migration maps

Effects of Migration - Bantu Gradual spread of Bantu languages Today there over 60 million people who speak Bantu languages Superior iron technology allowed Bantus to dominate and assimilate indigenous (local) groups Cultural diffusion through exchange of ideas and intermarriage Religious beliefs Technology (agriculture, iron metallurgy) Social

Effects of Migration - Vikings Destruction of villages and towns and many churches and monasteries (700-800CE) Breakdown of centralized governments into FEUDALISM Later, occupying and ruling large parts of France and British Isles (900-1000CE) Swedes settling in Russia (Rus for ruddy) Converted to Christianity and get assimilated into European civilization

EFFECTS- POLYNESIAN/AUSTRONESIAN Established agricultural villages in unihabited or lightly inhabited islands Built strong chief-ruled societies Eventually rulers and aristocracy viewed themselves as divine or semidivine Adapted to new environments (ex. Maori)