Warring City States Chapter 5 Section 2

Key Terms Polis Acropolis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyrant Democracy Helot Phalanx Persian Wars

Rule and Order in Greek City-States Polis- fundamental political unit in Greece City and surrounding countryside 50-500 miles of territory Fewer than 10,000 residents Acropolis-fortified hilltop Agora-marketplace

Greek Political Structures Monarchy-single person ruler (king) Aristocracy-ruled by a small group of noble land owning families Rich families Wealthy merchant and artisans Served in kings military Oligarchy-ruled by a few powerful people

Tyrants Seize Power Clashes occurred between rulers and common people Powerful individuals would seize control Tyrants-unlike today not considered cruel or harsh Looked at as leaders with the people’s interest

Athens Builds Limited Democracy Representative government was born in the city-states Athens moved too democracy Democracy-is the rule of the people Citizens participate directly in political decision making

Building Democracy Draco 621 BC Based legal code on all Athenians were equal under the law Had capitol punishment Debt slavery-debtors worked as slaves to pay off debts

Building Democracy Solon 594 BC Stated no citizen should own another citizen Organized Athenians into four social classes Only top three could hold political office All citizens could participate in Athenian Assembly Legal concept-any citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers

Building Democracy Cleisthenes 500 Broke up power of nobility Citizens organized by where you live and not wealth Allowed citizens to submit laws for debate Created Council of 500 Chosen at random Counseled assembly and proposed laws

Building Democracy Citizens participated in a limited democracy Citizenship restricted to a small number Free male adult property owners Women and slaves excluded from citizenship and had few rights

Athenian Education Sons of wealthy families Sent to school at age 7 Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, mathematics and music Received training in logic and debate Train and develop the body

Athenian Education Older boys went to military school Girls educated at home by their mother Childe rearing Weaving cloth Preparing mills Taking care of the household Little to do outside of the home

Sparta Builds a Military State Located in southern Greece (Peloponnesus) Cut of from the rest of Greece Built a military state

Sparta Dominates Messina 725 BC Sparta conquers Messina Helots- Messians forced to stay on land they worked Spartans demanded half of their crop 650 BC Helots revolted Spartans outnumbered eight to one

Sparta’s Government and Society Several branches Council of Elders- made up of 30 older citizens Proposed laws for assembly to vote on Five elected officials carried out the laws These men prosecuted cases and controlled education

Sparta’s Government and Society Sparta had two kings Social order had several groups Citizens-descendants of original inhabitants Ruling families who owned land Non-citizens –were free, worked in commerce of industry Helots at the bottom

Sparta Daily Life 600-371 BC most powerful army in Greece Individual expression was discouraged Did not value arts and literature Valued- strength, discipline, and duty

Spartan Daily Life Served in the army till 60 Began training at age 7 Moved into army barracks till age 30 Wearing only light tunics and no shoes Slept without blankets on hard benches Food bowl of black porridge Encouraged to steal food, made them more resourceful and tough

Spartan Daily Life Girls received some military training Wrestled, played sports Service to Sparta above everything Had freedom to run family businesses

A New Kind of Army Emerges During the Dorian Age only the rich could afford spears, chariots, shield Iron made weapons more affordable Hoplites- foot soldiers Phalanx-stood side by side holding a spear and a shield

Battle of Marathon Began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia Athens sent troops Persian King Darius won wanted revenge against Athens

Battle of Marathon Persians sent 25,000 troops Greeks had 10,000 Arranged in a phalanxes Persians charged the Greeks Persians lost 6,000 men, Greeks lost 200

Pheidippides Bring News Athens was defenseless Young runner-brought news of Persian defeat 26 mile run from Marathon Said “Rejoice, we conquer” and died Athenian army came back and Persia retreated

Thermopylae and Salamis 480 BC Xerxes assembled an enormous force to crush the Greeks Greeks were divided No resistance from Greeks

Thermopylae and Salamis Narrow mountain pass 7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans Blocked Xerxes troops for three days Traitor told of secret path Spartans held back the Persians, while other Greeks retreated

Thermopylae and Salamis Greeks evacuated Athens set to fight at sea Salamis-narrow channel Xerxes set fire to Athens Persian ships were bigger Xerxes watched 1/3 of his fleet was sunk 479 Plataea Greeks win, Persians on defensive

Thermopylae and Salamis Delian league- formed by several Greek states Delos- island in Aegean Sea Greeks drove Persians from their territory

Consequences of Persian Wars Felt new sense of confidence 470’s Athens emerged as leader League had grown to 200 city-states Headquarters moved to Athens Used force against challenges of authority