Muscle Structure and Function

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Presentation transcript:

Muscle Structure and Function Biology 2121 Chapters 9-10

Introduction 1. Functions 2. Naming (321) Movement, Posture; Heat and Joints 2. Naming (321) Location; Shape (temporalis; deltoid) Size (gluteus maximus) Fiber Direction (abdominus rectus) Origins (bicep) Location of Attachment (sternocleidomastoid)

Major Muscle Groups Chest and Shoulder Group Abdominals Quadriceps and Hamstring Group

Histology of Muscle Tissue- Skeletal Muscle Voluntary Found in major muscle groups Striated Multinucleated Peripheral

Smooth Muscle Involuntary Found in digestive system organs, bladder, etc. Non-Striated Uninucleated Spindle-Shaped nuclei

Cardiac Muscle Involuntary Heart only Branching Fibers Uni-Nucleated

Gross Anatomy 1. Whole muscle 2. Fascicles 3. Muscle Fiber Cells Epimysium 2. Fascicles Perimysium 3. Muscle Fiber Cells Long and multi-nucleated Sarcolemma and sarcoplasma Endomysium

Attachments Tendons Aponeurosis Direct or Indirect Attachments

Microscopic Anatomy – Myofibrils 1. Contractile proteins 2. Sarcomeres Actin and myosin 3. Myofilaments Actin (thin) Myosin (thick)

Sarcomere 1. A ‘sarcomere’ 2. Structural Proteins Z to Z I-Band (light zone) A-Band (dark zone) 2. Structural Proteins Elastic filaments – Titan 3. Sliding Filament Model of Contraction Link

Sarcomere Contraction

Chemical Stimulation and Muscle Contractions 1. Stimulation and Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine 2. Neuromuscular Junction Junction – muscle/nerve interface Separation – “synapse”

Neuromuscular Junction

Events at the Neuromuscular Junction 1. Nerve Impulse 2. Calcium ions – Axon Terminal of Nerve 3. Vesicle and release of ACh 4. ACh receptors and Acetylcholinesterase 5. Sodium-Potassium exchange 6. Action Potential formed

Neuromuscular Junction

Action Potential 1. Resting Membrane 2. Reversal of Charges -70 mV Na+ and K+ 2. Reversal of Charges Depolarization 3. Moves in one Direction

What Happens after the Action Potential is Formed?

Excitation and Contraction 1. Action Potential moves along the sarcolemma 2. Down the T-Tubule 3. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Release of Ca++ 4. Ca++ moves to the sarcomere

Formation of a Cross-Bridge 1. Ca++ interacts with troponin 2. Removes tropomyosin 3. Allows for Myosin Head Attachment 4. Formation of a cross- bridge

Cross-Bridge Cycling 1. Myosin heads attach forming cross- bridge 2. Working Stroke 3. ATP breaks cross- bridge 4. ATP hydrolysis 5. High-energy configuration – New Cross-bridge

ATP and Muscle Metabolism ATP Functions – Driving Cellular Work

ATP Production 1. Creatine Phosphate – Quick and Fast!!! 2. Anaerobic Respiration “Lactic Acid Fermentation” 1 glucose molecule = 2 ATP Net 3. Aerobic Respiration 1 glucose molecule = 36 ATP Net Mitochondria of the Cell

Aerobic Respiration

Fermentation Glycolysis (2) Pyruvic acid molecules (3-C) Blood flow restricted during vigorous exercise (low oxygen) Lactic acid formed Anaerobic glycolysis

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