The American Promise: A History of the United States Fourth Edition Roark • Johnson • Cohen • Stage • Hartmann • Lawson The American Promise: A History of the United States Fourth Edition CHAPTER 16 Reconstruction 1863–1877 Copyright © 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Wartime Reconstruction “To Bind Up the Nation’s Wounds” Land and Labor The African American Quest for Autonomy

Presidential Reconstruction Johnson’s Program of Reconciliation White Southern Resistance and Black Codes Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights

Congressional Reconstruction The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule Impeaching a President The Fifteenth Amendment and Women’s Demands

The Struggle in the South Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen Republican Rule White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers

Reconstruction Collapses Grant’s Troubled Presidency Northern Resolve Withers White Supremacy Triumphs An Election and a Compromise

Chapter 16 Reconstruction: 1863–1877 Map 16.1 A Southern Plantation in 1860 and 1881 (p. 580) Map 16.2 The Election of 1868 (p. 581) Map 16.3 The Reconstruction of the South (p. 584) Map 16.4 The Election of 1876 (p. 585) Figure 16.1 Southern Congressional Delegations, 1865–1877 (p. 576) Republican Rule Cartoon, California, 1867 (p. 576) Grant and Scandal (p. 581) “Of Course He Wants to Vote the Democratic Ticket” (p. 583)