ESS 421 - 1st half topics covered in class, reading, and labs Images and maps - (x,y,z,l,t) Temporal data - Time-lapse movies Spatial data - Photos and interpretation Spectral data Electromagnetic spectrum Absorption and Beer’s law (t=e-kz) Transmission Reflection Scattering and Lambert’s law  R=Io(cos i)/p Interaction of light and materials Electronic processes (VNIR) - electron transition (VIS), sharing (UV), crystral field (NIR) Vibrations and overtones (SWIR-TIR) Gas, liquid, glass, crystalline Spectra of common materials leaves, soil, water, clouds, snow, iron oxides, hydrated minerals

ESS 421 - 1st half key areas for midterm (Tuesday, 9 February 9:30-10:20) Questions may be drawn from labs, lectures, text Basic remote sensing parameters irradiance, radiance, and their units the electromagnetic spectrum thermal emission Atmospheric effects and scattering processes Scattering and reflection from surfaces Spectroscopy fundamentals Spectra of common materials

Class 10: Earth-orbiting satellites Friday 4 February 2011 Class 10: Earth-orbiting satellites and Review No new reading assignment

What was covered in the previous lecture Wednesday’s lecture 1) Spectroscopy 2) volume interactions - resonance - electronic interactions - vibrational interactions 3) spectroscopy - continuum vs. resonance bands - spectral “mining” - continuum analysis 4) spectra of common Earth-surface materials Today’s lecture: Review Satellites and orbits LECTURES Jan 05 1. Intro Jan 07 2. Images Jan 12 3. Photointerpretation Jan 14 4. Color theory Jan 19 5. Radiative transfer Jan 21 6. Atmospheric scattering Jan 26 7. Lambert’s Law Jan 28 8. Volume interactions Feb 02 9. Spectroscopy previous Feb 04 10. Satellites & Review today Feb 09 11. Midterm Feb 11 12. Image processing Feb 16 13. Spectral mixture analysis Feb 18 14. Classification Feb 23 15. Radar & Lidar Feb 25 16. Thermal infrared Mar 02 17. Mars spectroscopy (Matt Smith) Mar 04 18. Forest remote sensing (Van Kane) Mar 09 19. Thermal modeling (Iryna Danilina) Mar 11 20. Review Mar 16 21. Final Exam 2

Orbit Platform Sensor C-130 Sputnik Sputnik 2 with Laika 1957 Sputnik 1999 EOS

Airborne platforms – test beds, flexible paths SEBASS Hyperspectral TIR sensor in a Twin Otter

Orbits Key elements: - eccentricity - inclination - periapsis

Inclination Low inclination High inclination

Hubble Space Telescope – low inclination most Shuttles -

Exception: SRTM i=58º

High-inclination orbits

Special case – Sun-synchronous orbit (i ~ -81º) Satellite is overhead at same local solar time all year Why would you choose - late morning? - mid afternoon? - early morning?

Global coverage

Sensor characteristics spatial resolution and field of view spectral resolution spectral coverage number of bands Spatial resolution depends on experiment high – spatial detail, less emphasis on spectroscopy moderate – environmental monitoring low – weather, oceanography Spectral resolution panchromatic multispectral hyperspectral (imaging spectroscopy)

Spectral coverage Optical reflected sunlight thermal infrared LiDAR Microwave passive Radar Gamma ray, X ray, geophysical (magnetic, gravity fields)

Thematic Mapper LANDSAT – SUN-SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT

Wednesday class: Midterm, 366 JHN, 9:30 -10:20, closed book