Review

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary Serbia Review

How did countries and citizens fight World War I? What was the experience of a soldier in WWI?

The Fighting Starts The Schlieffen Plan Holding action against Russia Drive through Belgium to Paris Then use both armies to defeat Russia

The Schlieffen Plan Refugee crisis

The Schlieffen Plan

Warfare Allies retreat to Marne River Both sides dig in Halt German advance Both sides dig in Stalemate Trenches

Trench Warfare 3 kinds: No man’s land- expanse of mud between lines Front line Support Reserve No man’s land- expanse of mud between lines

Trench Warfare Strategies “Bombardment” Bomb barbed wire, front line, and trenches Charge into enemy front line trench “Creeping Barage” Artillery shells fired followed by soldiers “creeping” in behind “Tunnel Digging” Soldiers would dig tunnels under “no man’s land” Catch enemy off guard Attacks would typically take place at dawn

Trench Warfare Periodic charging of enemy lines High casualty rate Slaughtered due to barbed wire, machine gun High casualty rate Ex: 1st battle of Somme 60,000 British casualties on first day Final casualties: 1.2 million 7 miles of land changed hands

Trench Warfare Dangers: Shelling Shell shock Snipers Disease Gas

Old methods of Warfare Cavalries- soldiers on horses Bayonet charges- soldiers charge lines with long knives Old methods failed next to new techniques and mechanized warfare

Machine guns Rapidly released bullets Positioned at front lines to stop charges from breaking through

Barbed wire Entanglements and obstacles placed in front of trenches Stopped enemies from getting in

Gas 1915- Germans use poison gas Caused vomiting, blindness, choking Allies also used gas Chlorine, mustard gas

tanks 1915- British used tanks Crushed barbed wire, crossed trenches

airplanes Used as scouts Used as weapon flew over enemy land, spied on enemy Used as weapon Machine guns, bombs put on planes Dogfights- battles between planes Average life expectancy = 2 weeks

Trench Warfare Read over the primary account of fighting in the trenches Answer reflection questions Full sentences Detail from source