Rise to Power Adolf Hitler

PowerPoint credited to Mrs. Ellet!

CONTEXT The economies of most European countries never recovered from WWI Depression made it worse Unemployment was high, food was scarce, and lawlessness became a major problem

People became divided over how these problems should be solved. Some believed communism was the only solution to the economic and social suffering Others believed a strong military was needed to restore law and order

The result was the rise of several leaders who, once in power, proved to be powerful dictators who suppressed all forms of opposition.

Joseph Stalin In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin took over as leader of the Communist Party after the death of Lenin, the leader of the 1917 revolution. “The man of steel” was a ruthless and cruel leader whose agricultural and economic policies caused the death of millions of Soviet workers

Stalin or Zayn Malik?

Under his leadership, the Soviet Union became a Totalitarian state, with every aspect of people’s lives controlled by the Communist Party

Benito Mussolini In Italy, Mussolini came to power in 1922 He created a fascist government Fascist governments are opposed to democracy, are extremely nationalistic, and rely on military and police power to maintain absolute control

They control all media, and use propaganda to promote the ideals of the state. Soon, there were fascist parties based on Mussolini’s system in many countries. The most powerful fascist party was the German Nationalist Society party or NAZI party under the leadership of Adolf Hitler

Germany after the War Since the end of WWI, Germany had grown increasingly unhappy with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. It bitterly resented the “war guilt” clause that required it to make reparations to other countries

The German economy had been ruined by the war; in order to make reparations, the government began printing large amounts of money in the early 1920’s. As a result, the value of the German currency declined and inflation spiralled

In other words, German money became worth less and less, while the prices of basic goods increased rapidly.

Overall Purpose: The overall purpose of this presentation is to explain how this little boy on the left became the man on the right who was ultimately responsible for the death of about 50 million people all over the world!!

Birth Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria. Adolf was 1 of 6 children - 3 of who died at early ages

Education Attended a Benedictine monastery school where he took part in the choir. When it was time to choose a secondary school, Adolf wanted to become an artist. His father wanted him to become a civil servant, but after his father died, he dropped out of high school and attempted to get into the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts - he failed. The following slides are examples of Adolf’s artwork.

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Years in Vienna After his mother died, Adolf (now 18) decided to move to Austria to pursue his dream of becoming a great artist. Again he failed to gain entrance into the Academy He eventually sold all his possessions and became a homeless drifter who slept on park benches and ate at soup kitchens throughout Vienna (age 19) Adolf did manage to sell some paintings and postcards, but remained impoverished

Vienna -Importance Influenced by the anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger Became interested in the idea of German nationalism. Also received first taste of politics Lueger did not hesitate to exploit the prevalent anti-semitic and nationalistic currents in Vienna for his manipulative purposes. Under his leadership, Vienna became an efficient modern metropolis.

Military Service Adolf left Austria at the age of 24 to avoid mandatory military service that was required of all men. But he did sign up for military service at the start of WW I. He joined a Bavarian unit of the German Army. This is a picture of Hitler listening to an enlistment speech.

World War I Excited to fight for Germany. Found a home fighting for the Fatherland. Highest rank held was corporal. Was a regimental messenger, not an easy job at all. Hitler was a dispatch runner taking messages back and forth from the command staff in the rear to the fighting units near the battlefield.

German Loss in WW I Hitler was devastated when he heard the news of the German surrender. He was appalled at the anti-war sentiment among the German civilians. Believed there was an anti-war conspiracy that involved the Jews and Marxists. Also, felt that the German military did not lose the war, but that the politicians (mostly Jews) at home were responsible for the defeat.

Military Record Was awarded the Iron Cross twice. (5 medals overall) Highest military honor in German Army. Single handedly captured 4 French soldiers. Blinded by gas attack towards end of war. Gas attack- sean spicer

Life after WW I Hitler was depressed after WW I. Still in the army, he became an undercover agent whose job was to root out Marxists Also, lectured about the dangers of Communism and Jews

German Worker’s Party Hitler was sent to investigate this group in Munich in 1919. He went to a meeting and gave a speech. He was them asked to become a member, which he did

NAZI Party is Formed Hitler began to think big for the German Worker’s Party Began placing ads for meetings in anti-Semitic newspapers Hitler changed the name to National Socialist German Worker’s Party or the NAZIS

Party Platform Hitler drafted a platform of 25 points Revoke Versailles Treaty Revoke civil rights of Jews Confiscate any war profits Besides changing the party name, the red flag with the SWASTIKA was adopted as the party symbol

Beer Hall Putsch October 30, 1923 Hitler held a rally in Munich beer hall and declared revolution Led 2000 men in take over of Bavarian Government It failed and Hitler was imprisoned

Trial and Jail At his trial (Hitler was charged with treason), he used the opportunity to speak about the NAZI platform and spread his popularity. The whole nation suddenly knew who Adolf Hitler was and what he stood for He was sentenced to five years, but actually only served about 9 months When he left prison, he was ready to go into action again.

Mein Kampf Hitler’s book “My Struggle” - wrote while in jail Sold 5 million copies, made him rich Topics included: Jews were evil, Germans were superior race, dislike of Communism and Democracy and need to conquer more living space

Legal Rise to Power Used popularity from failed revolution and book to seize power legally Spoke to mass audiences about making Germany a great nation again Nazi Party: 1930 = 18% of vote 1932 = 30% of vote Hitler becomes Chancellor in 1933

Appeal of Hitler Germany was in the midst of an economic depression with hyper-inflation Hitler was a WW I hero who talked about bringing glory back to the “Fatherland” He promised the rich industrialists that he would end any communist threat in Germany Constantly blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, not the German people. Hitler was an excellent public speaker.

Strong Arm Tactics The “Brownshirts” or SA (Stormtroopers) SA was used to put down opposition parties Threatened and beat up Jews and ant-Nazi voters Wore brownshirts, pants and boots Numbered almost 400,000 by 1932

Dictator “Reichstag fire” gives Hitler total power In 1933, all parties were outlawed except the Nazi party People’s civil rights were suspended “Night of the Long Knives” Enabling act-gave Hitler emergency powers to enact any laws without the involvement of parliament; Reichstag fire was blamed on communists; once enabling act came into effect, other political parties were banned

Absolute Power German economy was improving, people were happy Hilter had not political opposition 1st concentration camp opened in 1933 Began rearming German Army for expansion of the Reich

APPEASEMENT After the League of Nations crumbled, politicians turned to a new way to keep the peace This was the policy of giving Hitler what he wanted to stop him from going to war Hitler militarizes the Rhineland

Invasion of Austria (1938) Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia wanted union with Germany Chamberlain persuades Czechs to hand over Sudetenland

Hitler takes Sudetenland (October 1, 1938) Czechoslovakia invaded by March 15, 1939- showed Hitler was not just interested in a Greater Germany Munich agreement- between France, Britain, Italy, Nazi Germany: Germany would take Sudetenland but not Czechoslovakia.

Appeasement ends when Hitler invades Poland September 1, 1939

Throughout 1930s, Canadians including PM Mackenzie King, remained isolationist King went to Berlin in 1937 to find out Hitler’s intentions Completely taken by what he saw, King came away sure that Hitler had no warlike intentions. “Hitler had a sort of appealing and affectionate look in his eyes”

King- saw no need to accept Jewish refugees “so long as Canada has an unemployment problem, there will be no “open door” policy to political refugees” - Secretary of State Pierre Rinfret St. Louis

THE END .......................Until the start of World War II