1914-1918: The World at War

Causes of the War

1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

Victor Emmanuel II [It] The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha [Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

Europe in 1914

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

The “Spark”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

Who’s To Blame?

The Schlieffen Plan

A Multi-Front War

The Western Front

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

Inside Trenches

Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive. Each side had 500,000 casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

New Weapons Poison Gas - Introduced by the Germans but used by both sides . Machine Gun Tanks – Introduced by the British at the Battle of Somme. Submarines – Introduced by the Germans.

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

British Tank at Ypres

The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917 The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Zeppelin

Poison Gas Machine Gun

French Renault Tank

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

A Global Conflict Chapter 29-3

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Yanks Are Coming!

Americans in the Trenches

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

German Poster Think of Your Children!

Red Cross Nurses

American Poster

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

Spies “Mata Hari” Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle German Spy!

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Legacy of WWI Human Costs: 9 million dead, 20 million wounded, 5 million civilians died of disease and starvation. Country Dead Wounded Russia 2 million 5 million France 1.4 million 4.3 million Britain 900,00 2.1 million Germany 1.8 million 4.2 million Austria 1.2 million 3.6 million USA 100,000 200,000 TOTAL 8.5 million 21 million

Legacy of the War Economic Costs – The cost of the war was nearly $400 billion. From 1914-1917 $85,000 a minutes was spent to fund the war. In 1918 it reached $170,000 a minute. Social Costs – Millions disillusioned, entire generation of young men lost. Became known as the lost generation.