Is Breathing the same as Respiration? Respiratory System Is Breathing the same as Respiration?

Is Breathing Respiration? NO! Breathing is simply bringing in fresh air and releasing stale air. What is respiration?

respiration Using oxygen to make energy! 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Oxygen +sugar  carbon dioxide +water + energy

DO NOW ____________ + ___________ = CO2 + H20 + ____________ ____________ + ___________ = CO2 + H20 + ____________ = Respiration

Nasal cavity pharynx epiglottis larynx bronchi Trachea Left lung Right lung diaphragm

bronchus trachea bronchus lung lung bronchioles pleura diaphragm alveoli

Alveoli

Nasal Cavity From the nostrils, air passes through Also referred to as ‘Nasal Passages’. From the nostrils, air passes through your nasal cavity, where it gets moistened and warmed. Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity. The mucus traps dust, pollen, and other materials – helping to filter and cleanse the air you breathe.

A tube like passageway for both Pharynx A tube like passageway for both food and air.

Epiglottis A flap of tissue. When you swallow, the epiglottis folds down so that food and liquid are prevented from entering your larynx.

Epiglottis

I'm Choking!

Larynx The airway to which your vocal chords are attached. Sound is produced when air moves past, causing them to vibrate.

Trachea A tube about 12 cm in length. C-shaped rings of cartilage keep the trachea open and prevent it from collapsing. The trachea is also lined with mucus. Tracheotomy ?

Bronchi At the lower end of the trachea are two branches that carry air to each lung. These bronchi continue to branch out into smaller and smaller tubes.

Diaphragm The sheet of muscle responsible for breathing. Inhalation is caused by contraction. Exhalation is caused by relaxation. Change in pressure.

Ribs and Intercostal Muscles Aid the diaphragm by pulling the ribs up and out.

Fluid filled sac that surrounds each lung. Pleura Fluid filled sac that surrounds each lung. Protects the lungs

The smallest tubes which finally Bronchiole The smallest tubes which finally end in tiny air sacs.

Alveoli At the end of each bronchiole are clusters of tiny, thin walled sacs called alveoli.

Do Now: List the pathway of air through the respiratory system

Do now: Explain this picture

How does the oxygen get from the alveoli into the blood? Capillaries! Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary and …. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

The diaphragm is the muscle that controls the breathing process. As the diaphragm contracts it causes the chest to expand and air is sucked into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest collapses and the air in the lungs is forced out.

Diseases of Respiratory System Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi Chronic or acute Chronic: Long term, persistent Acute: Short and severe

Emphysema The alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract. Most cases result from smoking

Lung Cancer Uncontrolled division of cells in the lungs resulting in a tumor. Third leading cause of death in men and women in the US. Inhaling carcinogens is the leading cause of lung cancer

Asthma Bronchial tubes contract restricting air flow. Often an allergic reaction Treated with bronchodilator medication https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PfFBurLIxk&list=PLChNWbUiHrlmOBvgwPhCx48Hm5-03Qh-s

Urinary System

What is Excretion? Eliminating waste!

4 Systems of Excretion H2O, Salt, Urea CO2, H2O, Heat H2O, Undigested Food H2O, Salt, Urea

4 Systems of Excretion Respiratory System: Removes carbon dioxide, water and heat. Skin: Sweat removes water, salt and urea (chemical waste made by cells). Urinary System: Removes excess water, salt and other chemicals (urea). Digestive System: Removes water and undigested food.

DO NOW What are the four systems of excretion and what do they excrete?

Functions of the Urinary System 1. Rids the body of waste produced by metabolism of nutrients. 2. Controls blood volume by removing excess water in blood. 3. Balances specific levels of salts needed for chemical reactions to take place. 4. Helps maintain homeostasis.

Urinary System

Kidneys Renal artery Renal vein Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra

Kidneys One on either side of your spine Filters the blood to remove waste

Ureter Two tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder Carries urine to the bladder

Urinary bladder Sac that stores urine Muscles allow control of urination

Urethra Tube through which urine is released from the body.

Renal artery Blood vessel that brings “dirty” blood to the kidneys

Renal vein Blood vessel that brings “clean” blood away from the kidneys

Renal vein Renal artery

DO NOW Which organ is responsible for making urine? What are the two steps of urine formation?

Relate the equipment to the structures of the kidney

Blood Components Filtered (Capsule) Reabsorbed (tubule) Wastes (excreted) Not

Diseases of the urinary system What can result if water is not filtered out of the blood properly? 1. Hypertension: If the kidneys do not filter water properly blood volume increases leading to high blood pressure.

2. Kidney Malfunction What other affects can occur if the kidneys do not work properly? Water buildup in feet and around heart Heart has to work harder. Imbalance of salt Kidneys eventually become damaged permanently. What will this lead to?

3. Kidney Failure Kidneys stop working. Waste builds up and become toxic. A dialysis machine is used to mechanically “clean” the blood.

4. Cancer Bladder cancer: tumor in the bladder Renal cancer: tumor in the kidney

5. Bacterial Infection Bacteria enter the urethra and cause an infection. Treated with antibiotics.

DO NOW List and describe 2 diseases of the urinary system

Skin

Functions of Skin Skin protects your body Skin has sensory receptors (touch). Skin makes vitamin D Skin helps regulate body temperature. Skin excretes waste (sweat)

Skin is made up of 3 layers

Amazing Facts At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute. The right lung is slightly larger than the left.(Can you think why?) Hairs in the nose help to clean the air we breathe as well as warming it. The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour. You can not sneeze with your eyes open. The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court. The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end. We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass. A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.