The 13 Colonies and their Identities The New England Colonies The Middle Colonies The Southern Colonies

The New England Colonies Massachusettes New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut

Massachusettes Settled by the English and Puritans Reason for the settlement --- to escape religious persecution Established in 1620 The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trade

New Hampshire Settled by the English and Puritans Reason for settlement – to gain economic wealth Established in 1623 The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

Rhode Island Settled by the English and Puritans Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution Established in 1636 The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

Connecticut Settled by the English and Puritans Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution Established in 1636 The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

Middle Colonies New York (New Netherland) Delaware New Jersey Pennsylvania The river valleys had rich soil and mild winters. Conditions were favorable for farming and raising livestock.

New York (New Netherland) Settled by the Dutch West India Company, also Swedes, English (Puritans), Germans, and Africans Reason for the settlement – to gain economic wealth and religious tolerance (freedom) (Catholics, Jews, Quakers, and Protestants) Established in 1624 The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship A patroon—a person who brought 50 settlers would receive as an award land and special privileges in hunting, fishing and trading

Delaware Settled by the Swedes and then taken over by the Dutch. English, Germans, and Africans also arrived Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution Established in 1638 The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship

New Jersey Settled by the Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, and Africans Reason for the settlement – to gain economic wealth and religious tolerance (freedom) (Catholics, Jews, Quakers, and Protestants) The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship Established in 1664

Pennsylvania Land was given as a repayment of a loan to Wm. Penn. The name means “Penn’s Woods” A very diverse population with religious tolerance—equality for all Established in 1681 One of the wealthiest of the American colonies. The economy was cash crops and craftsmanship

Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Soil and climate were suitable for growing tobacco, rice and indigo.

Virginia Settled by the English and Africans (slaves) Reason for the settlement was to gain economic wealth Established in 1607 The economy was made up of plantations

Maryland Settled by the English and Africans (slaves) Established for Roman Catholics escaping persecution Tough labor and therefore attracted FEW women as settlers Established in1632 The economy was based on tobacco, which required backbreaking work Most of the laborers came as either servants or slaves

North and South Carolina Originally the Carolinas were one large colony Established in 1663 Divided into 2 colonies in 1729 Settled by English settlers from Barbados Settled for religious freedom and to gain economic wealth The economy was driven by cutting timber, raising cattle and trading with the Native Americans The Carolina colonists needed laborers to grow rice and indigo. The English encouraged the use of enslaved Africans and Native Americans who they sold into slavery

Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors English, Swiss, German, and Scottish settled in Georgia Established in 1732 The economy was driven by plantations

New England: Commerce and Religion Summary New England: Commerce and Religion Distinguished by its small farming towns and profitable fishing and trade

Summary The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities Farms produced large cash crops that fueled trade in its coastal cities.

Summary The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery The plantation economy and large number of enslaved Africans made it different from the other regions

The Backcountry The Backcountry was different from the denser coastal population, so settlers developed a more independent and rugged way of life.

The Middle Passage This was the route that the ships took to bring enslaved Africans to the West Indies. These Africans were experienced farmers and were also immune to European diseases.