EGYPT UNDER THE PHAROAHS APAH - GARDINER CHAPTER 3-1 PP. 53-59

Quiz 3-1 pp. 53-59 1. Egyptian art spans ________________ years a . 1000 years b. 10,000 years c. 500 years d. 3000 years 2. Mastabas are an early form of an Egyptian a. temple b. palace c. book made of papyrus d. tomb 3. The Palette of Narmer is a. cast bronze b. a battle shield c. formalized object for preparing eye makeup d. war standard 4. The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser was built by a. Narmer b. Khafre c. Djoser d. Imhotep 5. The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser is a a. palace b. royal tomb c. ziggurat d. fortress

“Concerning Egypt itself I shall extend my remarks to a great length, because there is no country that possesses so many wonders, nor any that has such a number of works that defy description.” Herodotus

EGPYT - BACKROUND Backbone of Egypt was the Nile Annual floods of the Nile River PHAROAHS Fertility of the lands bordering the Nile Until 18th century Egypt was mysterious land of undeciphered writing and exotic monuments

ROSETTA STONE

THE GODS AND GODDESSES OF EGYPT RA OSIRIS SETH ISIS HORUS ANUBIS

THE PREDYNASTIC AND EARLY DYNASTIC PERIODS Predynastic = prehistoric began about 3500 BCE Upper Egypt – the south Lower Egypt – the north/Nile Delta Hierakonpolis = predynastic cemetery site 3500-3200 BCE Mural paintings in tomb Random arrangement of motifs -> neolithic

PALETTE OF KING NARMER FLASHCARD (2-13/1) Palette of King Narmer, back (2-13/2) Palette of King Narmer, front Predynastic Egypt c. 3000-2920 B.C.E. Greywacke Predynastic Egypt ends with unification of Upper and Lower Egypt PALETTE = stone slab with circular depression One of earliest labelled historical reliefs 3000-2920 BCE Records the unification of the two kingdoms Narmer – king as supreme, alone and larger than life, divine ruler Two heads of a cow with woman’s face, between is hieroglyph giving Narmer’s name, elongated necks of two felines, indentation for makeup, registers, Narmer in upper register beheading enemies, bttm register bull knocking down rebellious city…back: the king slaying enemy, falcon with human arms is horus, he is holding man headed hieroglyph representing lower egypt

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE FLASHCARD EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE A mastaba -(meaning "house for eternity" or "eternal house"), is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's ancient period. Mastabas were constructed out of mud-bricks (from the Nile River) or stone. FUNERARY ART – dedicated to insuring safety and happiness in the next life

MUMMIFICATION AND IMMORTALITY

MUMMIFICATION AND IMMORTALITY

IMHOTEP AND DJOSER FLASHCARD (2-additional) Stepped Pyramid of Djoser Imhotep (architect) Mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt c. 2630-2611 B.C.E. Carved stone IMHOTEP – the builder for King Djoser (r. 2630 – 2611 BCE) First recorded name of an artist Designed the Stepped Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara NECROPOLIS Function -> protect mummified king and possessions/symbolize king’s absolute and god like power

DJOSER FUNERARY PRECINCT Immense enclosure with protective walls Mortuary temple Courtyards Dummy structures Stone columns Columns – papyrus stalks Capitals – papyrus blossoms ENGAGED COLUMNS