Retrieval and Context

Recall Recall: a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test Example- Remembering an incident that occurred a few years back Anecdote- Today in Economics I had to recall info for my quiz

Recognition Recognition: a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. Example- Not being able to recall names of people from previous schools but being able to match a face to a name when given a list Anecdote- I learned the names of the new characters in Star Wars VII from the trailer, and therefore I recognized them when I saw the new movie.

Relearning Relearning: a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. Example- Learning new material for a class then taking an advancement class of the same subject and going over/relearning the same material Anecdote- In AP Biology we learned about DNA replication, which we had learned about in Pre-AP Biology.

Retrieval Cues Retrieval cues: a clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of a given piece of information stored in long-term memory Example- Studying for weeks in advance and recalling the material when needed during the test Anecdote- When I smell garlic, I automatically think of Italian food. The smell of the garlic is the retrieval cue for Italian food.

Priming Priming: the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. Example- Walking through the halls of a school and recalling an event that had already occurred because of a poster that triggered said memory Anecdote- Today when I saw blue or orange, I automatically thought Broncos, because of the game.

Deja Vu Deja Vu: that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. Example- Going through something and associating it with something similar that took place Anecdote- I was talking to a friend, and I felt like I had the exact conversation with her before.

State-Dependent Memory State-Dependent Memory: recalled when the person is in the same psychological or physiological state as when the information was first encoded or learned Example- Being physically fit and having a memory from a time when you were in that shape and remembering that specific memory when in shape again Anecdote- If I got sick on a plane, I may feel sick upon boarding the plane

Mood-Congruent Mood-Congruent: the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. Example- Being upset but something that had happened and recalling that specific memory when you are upset again Anecdote- If I had a fight with someone and was angry, then the next time I was angry, I might think of the argument.

Quiz Multiple Choice: 1.To most people memory is______, the ability to retrieve information not in conscious awareness. Encoding Storage Recall Relearning 2. What are the anchor points you can use to access the target information when you want to retrieve it later? Retrieval cues Storage web Priming Memory points

3.Who discovered that when you put yourself back in the context where you experienced something can prime your memory retrieval. Duncan Godden Alan Baddeley Both A/B William James 4. Being in a context similar to one we’ve been in before may trigger the experience of_______. Emotion Déjà vu Memory None of the above

T/F meeting someone who reminds us of someone we’ve previously met can awaken our associated feelings about that earlier person. T/F tastes, smells, and sights often evoke our recall associated episodes. T/F the philosopher-psychologist that called priming “wakening of associations” was Alan Baddeley. T/F When we are in one state ( be it sober or drunk) we more easily recalled when we are in that state again. T/F if you learn something once and forget it, it will be harder for you to relearn the second time. T/F multiple- choice questions tests our recognition.