Daily Commentary: What are your prejudices? How did you develop them? In your Interactive Notebook: Unit.Day 2.4 Group Membership & Discrimination Unit 2 – Social Psychology: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How do people influence each other? How do psychological factors affect decision-making? Daily Commentary: What are your prejudices? How did you develop them? ON YOUR DESK: 1) reading journal 2) Daily commentary notebook 3) Today’s OBJECTIVE(S) -- WRITE THESE DOWN: I can describe factors that affect the development of identity-based stereotypes

Today’s Discussion Questions Make sure your name is on the questions you submit, and that your question is unique. This will be factored into your grade.

DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE Friday Quizzes September 13 & September 20 Projects Due Reflection Paper: Why do good people do bad things? Unit Exam: Friday, September 27th Tonight’s Homework: Introduction: Why are all the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria

Prejudice Simply called “prejudgment,” a prejudice is an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice is often directed towards different cultural, ethnic, or gender groups. Components of Prejudice OBJECTIVE 13| Identify three components of prejudice. Beliefs (stereotypes) Emotions (hostility, envy, fear) Predisposition to act (to discriminate)

Racial & Gender Prejudice Americans today express much less racial and gender prejudice, but prejudices still exist.

Race Nine out of ten white respondents were slow when responding to words like “peace” or “paradise” when they saw a black individual’s photo compared to a white individual’s photo (Hugenberg & Bodenhausen, 2003).

Gender Most women still live in more poverty than men. About 100,000,000 women are missing in the world. There is a preference for male children in China and India, even with sex-selected abortion outlawed.

Social Roots of Prejudice Why does prejudice arise? Social Inequalities Social Divisions Emotional Scapegoating OBJECTIVE 15| Discuss the social factors that contribute to prejudice.

Social Inequality Prejudice develops when people have money, power, and prestige, and others do not. Social inequality increases prejudice.

In and Out Groups Ingroup: People with whom one shares a common identity. Outgroup: Those perceived as different from one’s ingroup. Ingroup Bias: The tendency to favor one’s own group. Mike Hewitt/ Getty Images Scotland’s famed “Tartan Army” fans.

Sheriff’s Robbers Cave Experiment Randomly assigned two groups of boys to different groups. Gave each group a “tribe” name, a flag, and symbols Let those groups live and work together for a week or so, and develop relationships Then introduce the two groups to each other: The fought with each other, called each other names, and believed their own group was better

Sheriff’s Robbers Cave Experiment Then Sheriff gave the boys a task that they had to work together on. Over the course of the next week, the two tribes were forced to work together. Because the challenge they had was larger than either group could manage, they broke down the barriers they had constructed and ended up becoming friendly with each other, regardless of original group affiliation

Emotional Roots of Prejudice Prejudice provides an outlet for anger [emotion] by providing someone to blame. After 9/11 many people lashed out against innocent Arab-Americans. OBJECTIVE 16| Explain how Scapegoating illustrates the emotional component of prejudice.

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice One way we simplify our world is to categorize. We categorize people into groups by stereotyping them. OBJECTIVE 17| Cite four ways that cognitive processes help create and maintain prejudice. Michael S. Yamashita/ Woodfin Camp Associates Foreign sunbathers may think Balinese look alike.

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice In vivid cases such as the 9/11 attacks, terrorists can feed stereotypes or prejudices (terrorism). Most terrorists are non-Muslims.

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice The tendency of people to believe the world is just, and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get (the just-world phenomenon). © The New Yorker Collection, 1981, Robert Mankoff from cartoonbank.com. All Rights Reserved.

Just World Phenomenon people have a strong desire or need to believe that the world is an orderly, predictable, and just place Therefore, people tend to rationalize what they see in the world as being fair Often, white people use this to let themselves off the hook in terms of being accountable for racial justice “I’ve worked hard for everything I have.” ok. But others worked just as hard and don’t have what you have. Often, oppressed groups use this to rationalize their own subjugated status: “most of my people are poor b/c they don’t want to work.”