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Russian Revolution WRITE ALL BLACK WRITING

Russian Government Before Revolution Monarchy: The Czar Until 1905 the Czar's powers were unlimited. Russia had no constitution, No political party system to check the Tsar's power A strong secret police which terrorized the people.

World War I: “The Last Straw” Average peasants had very little invested in the War Corrupt military leadership had contempt for ordinary Russian people War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the country’s aristocratic elite

World War I (cont) Ill-trained, ineffective officers, poorly equipped (Russia was not ready for war) – the result was mass desertions and 2 million casualties by 1915 Result: Chaos of the Russian Army Battle of Tannenberg (August, 1914) – massive defeat at hands of Germans

The Two Revolutions of 1917 The March Revolution (March 12) The November Revolution (November 6)

March Revolution (1917) Origins: Food riots/strikes 1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over. Czar abdicates (steps down) Provisional government (Duma) takes control lead by Alexander Kerensky Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

March Revolution

(Bolshevik) Revolution-1917 Lead by Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread” Won support of people (especially peasants)

Soviet Political Ideology More radical and revolutionary than the Provisional Government Most influenced by Marxist socialism Emulated western socialism Two Factions -- “Mensheviks” -- “Bolsheviks”

Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir Lenin Committed to Class Struggle and Revolution

Lenin Steps into This Vacuum A tremendously charismatic personality “Peace, Land, Bread” “All Power to the Soviets” He preached that the war was a capitalist/imperialist war that offered no rewards for the peasants/workers; Amnesty granted to all political prisoners in March of 1917 Bolshevik party membership exploded; their power was consolidated

The November Revolution 1917 All private property was abolished and divided among the peasantry Largest industrial enterprises nationalized

November Revolution (cont) Political Police organized: CHEKA Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge = “Red Army” Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March of 1918

Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) -moderate mix of capitalism and socialism Political Reforms -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics Trained Russian workers to become a revolutionary force.

Communism A Form of Socialism Central Planning of the Economy by the State Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communist Party Government (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay The goal of the first Five-Year Plan was to industrialize the Soviet Union.

Agenda Monday: CNN, WWI Crash Course, WWI Notes, Crash Course, Going over Vocabulary WWI Tuesday: CNN, Finish WWI Notes, Start WWII Notes. Wednesday: America Story of US Thursday: CNN, Finish America Story of US & Notes over WWII Friday: CNN, WWII Vocabulary & Cold War Notes

Test Results Imperialism 2nd 77.83% 4th 80.86% 5th 81.51% 6th 75.86%

Learning Goals LG: Students will be able to explain the different ideologies and government policies that contribute to revolutions and possible wars. LG: Students will be able to analyze the role that nationalism, militarism, and imperialism played in igniting World War I. LG: Students will be able to identify and explain the multiple alliances that took place in the 20th century. LG: Students will be able to explain how industrialization and new technology revolutionized warfare and changed the landscape of Europe.

World War I The War to End All Wars

Three Causes Nationalism: Countries unite because of the same ethnicity Imperialism: Countries will take control of another nation for its natural resources Militarism: The aggressive buildup of a military in an effort to take over territory.

Root Cause 1: Nationalism Powerful new countries Italy (1861) & Germany (1871) become unified countries upset the balance of power in Europe Countries will establish alliances Triple Entente France Russia Great Britain Belgium Declares Neutrality

Dispute German/French rivalry Countries will establish alliances conflict over Alsace-Lorraine Germany felt it had to ‘catch up’ with colonies, etc. Countries will establish alliances

Root Cause 2: Imperialism Competition to control pieces of former Ottoman Empire • Germany & England compete in Persia/Middle East • Austrians, Turks & Russians compete in the Balkans

Root Cause 3: Militarism Germany Russia & France competed to build bigger armies 1880 1914 Germany 1.3m 5.0m France 0.73m 4.0m Russia 0.40m 3.5m • German military model • Most nations tried to copy Germany’s modern military • introduced conscription to create larger standing armies • created detailed plans for mobilization of forces • Arms Race between Germany & England huge German investment in navy to challenge Britain British responded by building up their navy even more

Root Cause 4: Alliance Systems Military Alliances Most countries joined military alliances before 1914 Treaties that promise aid if attacked by other countries Effects of Alliances Divided Europe into heavily armed groups Actually made situation LESS stable

The Big Picture As a result of the factors discussed above, Europe became a heavily armed group of nations whose people distrusted one another and whose governments were constantly preparing for war.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austrian was assassinated ignited the Balkan Powder Keg starts WWI and it will start the Alliances.

Fighting changes because of technology Trench Warfare

WWI WEAPONS

Germany They would loose the war and they would be held accountable for the war by all other European countries and the United States. US President Woodrow Wilson would create a document called 14 Points. He created it to try to prevent any future wars Idea of a League of Nations They would unite to stop any future wars

Aftermath of the WAR TO END ALL WARS Russia would leave early and they would have a revolution and kill the Czar. US Congress will not agree to the 14 Points They thought it would drag the US into future wars League of Nations International organization that was created to preserve the peace of the world. Major weakness there was no real military power (NO US NO REAL POWER) Final Result There would be new nations created in Europe