Wars of the United States 1775 – 1783 1812 – 1814/15 1846 – 1848 1861 – 1865 1898 1917 – 1918 1941 – 1945 1950 – 1953 1964 – 1973 1991 2003 - now American Revolution War of 1812 Mexican War Civil War Spanish-American War World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam War Gulf War Iraq/Afghanistan War

Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade: 1870-1914

Closing the American Frontier

Military/Strategic Interests Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

Spanish Misrule in Cuba

De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. Criticized President McKinley as weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.

USS Maine

Havana, Cuba – February 15, 1898

Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Criticized the President: “McKinley has no more backbone than a chocolate éclair!” Sent message to Commodore Dewey, leader of Fast East Fleet – “In the event of war with Spain, proceed at once to Manila Bay, Philippines, and attack the Spanish squadron there.” Imperialist and American nationalist. Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

Battle of Manila Bay

Dewey Captures Manila!

May 1, 1898

USS Olympia – Commodore Dewey’s flagship

In the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo July 4, 1946: Philippine independence Leader of the Filipino Uprising. July 4, 1946: Philippine independence

The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War” How prepared was the US for war?

Unloading horses in Cuba

Troop K of the Roughriders

The Roughriders in action

Map of Santiago campaign

Charge up “San Juan” Hill – July 1, 1898

The “Rough Riders”

Kettle Hill from San Juan Hill

View of San Juan Hill and blockhouse, showing the camp of the United States forces

USS Oregon

Crew of the USS Oregon at Battle of Santiago Bay – July 3, 1898

Battle of Santiago Bay – July 3, 1898

Spanish-American War veterans

The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam to the USA. The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. The U. S. becomes an imperial power! (this means the US has an Empire)

America as a Pacific Power

TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904) Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

Constable of the World

Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

The Great White Fleet: 1907

Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”