Kuliah 7 E M O T I O N S

Emotions Reaction patterns toward challenging stimuli that arise involuntarily . Accompanied by physiological reactions

Plutchik’s 8 Basic Categories of Emotions

Plutchik’s 3 dimensional model of 8 basic categories of emotions

James-Lange Theory of Emotions Cerebral Cortex Stimulus Physiological Reactions The body first responds physiologically to a stimulus, and then the cerebral cortex determines which emotion is being experienced. Therefore, emotions are results of physical changes. Contoh : berhadapan dg. Beruang, jantung berdebar, emosi takut adalah pengalaman dari perubahan fisik ini. Angin berhembus, bulu kuduk berdiri lalu ada perasaan takut

Canon-Bard Theory of Emotions Cannon-Bard Theory Cerebral Cortex Physiological Reactions Stimulus Impulses are sent simultaneously to the cerebral cortex and peripheral nervous system; thus response to stimulus and emotion are experienced at the same time. Contoh: lihat beruang, lari sambil merasa takut. Dengar sesuatu meledak otomatis badan bereaksi sambil kaget takut.

Cognitive Theory of Emotions Cerebral Cortex Physiological Reactions Stimulus Cerebral cortex and peripheral nervous system work jointly to determine which emotions we feel. Contoh : reaksi emosi dipengaruhi oleh cara kita menginterpretasi suatu situasi. Lihat orang jatuh ada yang ketawa ada yang sedih.

The Expression of Emotion Verbal Communication Do not always reflect accurately what people are feeling Non-Verbal Communication Interest Joy Distress Sadness Anger Fear 1. Facial expression :

2. Body Language Relaxed Tense Defeat 3. Acts Slam door Phone call at 2am

Gender Differences Are there gender differences in emotion? Men less emotional? Women more emotional? Answer : Men do not have less emotion, but they express emotion less.  more inhibited in emotions. Women tend to be more emotionally expressive  more open about feelings. Men tend to interpret cause of anger outside themselves and turn their anger outward There are differences in types of emotional responses. Men tend to be more aggressive, angry. Women tend to be sad, disappointed, hurt.

Emotional Stress Internal state caused by : Physical demands on body Environmental/social situations Causes of stress = stressors Response to stress : Bodily response- illness, sleeplessness, weight loss Psychological response- depressed, anxiety etc.

Stress Overloading Change stressors Chemical Stressors Distress Change stressors Chemical Stressors Commuting stressors Decision stressors Disease stressors Emotional stressors Environmental stressors Family stressor Pain stressors Phobic stressors Physical stressors Social stressors Work stressors Where stress comes form: STRESSORS Stress Overloading Behavioral (e.g. over eating and excessive alcohol consumption) Physiological (e.g. Heightened muscle tension, elevated blood pressure, and rapid heart beat) Emotional (e.g. heightened anxiety, depression, and anger) Cognitive (e.g. Increased distractibility, decreased concentration) Immediate effects: Distress Cycle Behavioral disorders (e.g. obesity and alcoholism) Medical disorders (e.g., headaches, hypertension, and heart disease) Emotional disorders (e.g. chronic anxiety and depression, phobias, personality changes, and mental illness) Cognitive disorders (e.g. memory problems, obsessive thoughts, and sleep disorders) Long-term effects: Decreased Productivity Decreased enjoyment Decreased intimacy Over-all costs:

Wellness Health-Promoting Lifestyle Responses Change stressors Chemical Stressors Commuting stressors Decision stressors Disease stressors Emotional stressors Environmental stressors Family stressor Pain stressors Phobic stressors Physical stressors Social stressors Work stressors Where stress comes form: STRESSORS Health-Promoting Lifestyle Responses Adaptive Behavioral Responses (e.g., assertiveness, time management) Adaptive Physical Responses (e.g., Nutrition exercise, relaxation) Adaptive, cognitive, and emotional responses (e.g. stress inoculation, cognitive restructuring) Techniques and skills: Increased self-esteem, self-respect, and self-confidence Improved physical health and resistance to disease Improved mental health and resistance to future stressors Long-term effects: Wellness Cycle Increased Productivity Increased enjoyment Increased intimacy Over-all benefits:

Assignment Group 1 : Find ads expressing fear Group 2 : Find ads expressing joy Group 3 : Find ads expressing disgust Group 4 : Find ads expressing surprise Group 5 : Find ads expressing anger Group 6 : Find ads expressing sadness Group 7 : Find source of stress in ads