Colonial America: 1587-1770 The Middle Colonies

England Seizes the Dutch Colonies 1497- John Cabot claims all land b/t Newfoundland and Florida for England 1664- King Charles II gave brother James (Duke of York) a grant w/ New Netherland in it! Sent warships to make sure wouldn’t be a problem New Netherland’s Governor Peter Stuyvesant Colorful, peg-legged, military hero Ruled for 17 years Land diverse, people too Many languages To fix colony’s $ problems, he raises taxes

New York / New Jersey 1664- Warships arrive in New Amsterdam People surrender immediately Rename it after James, the Duke of York James gave big land grants to loyal friends Area b/t Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton New Jersey Attracts settlers quickly Land on easy terms Religious freedom Voting right for legislature 1670- Quakers buy western part of colony

Quakers Found Colony Holy Cow! I’m William Penn the Quaker Oats Guy!?! 1681- Charles II gives large land grant to William Penn (Jr.) Owes father, Admiral William Penn, $81,000 Wealthy, high social status But… he’s a Quaker! Quakers stressed… Religious tolerance Simplicity Kindness to others Opposed any use of force Wanted religious, social, and political freedom All this makes English believe Quakers radicals! Plus… Not Anglican! Quakers often imprisoned, tortured, or hung

What’s in a Name? Penn (Jr.) granted colony b/c Charles II owes his father $81,000 Admiral William Penn Dies in 1670 Debt cancelled with land grant Wants to name it Penn’s Land (for Dad) King’s Council says NO! b/c Quaker Names it Sylvania (woods) King Charles II renames Pennsylvania Meaning “Penn’s Woods” in honor of his friend

Pennsylvania Penn pays natives for land & treats as equals Sets up capital as Philadelphia personally Meaning “Brotherly Love” Attracts settlers w/ stories of great soil and climate Promises Religious freedom A voice in gov’t Prospers from beginning Produces large crops of wheat and other food crops 1682- gets more land and expands west to Delaware Bay Defeat of Dutch by Duke of York Penn’s Quaker beliefs not good according to Dutch settlers already in the area Begin petitioning for autonomy Granted in 1704 Delaware Colony Mr. Zoller’s Podcast: 13 Colonies- The Middle Colonies (11:22)