the Present Subjunctive

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The Present Subjunctive

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Presentation transcript:

the Present Subjunctive An introduction to: the Present Subjunctive

PAST---------------PRESENT-------------FUTURE Preterite Present Indicative Ir + a + inf. Imperfect Present prog. Imperfect prog. Tú +/- commands Acabar de + inf. Present Subjunctive

The Indicative Mood Hablo español. Comes tacos. Bailamos en la fiesta. Spanish has two moods: the INDICATIVE and the SUBJUNCTIVE. Until now, all the verb forms you have learned in Spanish are part of the Indicative Mood, used to state FACTS and TRUTH. The following are examples of the Present tense, otherwise known as the Present Indicative: We will use the acronym FCCPS. Hablo español. Comes tacos. Bailamos en la fiesta.

What is the Subjunctive Mood? We use the Present Subjunctive with things that the speaker wants to happen or wants others to do, events to which the speaker reacts emotionally, things that are yet unknown, preferences for others, among others. We will use the acronym UWEIRDO. Quieres que yo hable en español. Espero que comas tacos. Nos recomiendan que bailemos en la fiesta.

A sentence in the subjunctive has: A Subjunctive Phrase A “Que” A change in subject Ej. (Yo) Quiero que (tú) comas tacos. I want (for) you to eat tacos. NO change in subject = indicative Ej. (Yo) Quiero comer tacos. I want to eat tacos.

What is the difference between these two sentences? Main clause: la cláusula principal Subordinate clause: la cláusula subordinada Subjunctive Phrase Sr. Torres quiere + que + (tú) estudies. Mr. Torres wants (for) you to study. La cláusula principal La cláusula subordinada What is the difference between these two sentences? Indicative Phrase Sr. Torres sabe + que + (tú) estudias. Mr. Torres knows (that) you study. La cláusula principal La cláusula subordinada

Conjugating in the Subjunctive Three Steps: -ar verb: Hablar 1. YO form of the present indicative emos es éis e en Hable Habl Habl Habl Habl Habl (Hablo, Habl_ & Hable) 2. DROP the -o -er/-ir verb: Comer 3. SWAP the endings For -ar amos as áis a an (Como, Com_ & Coma) -e Coma Com Com Com Com Com For -ir/-er -a

Present Irregular Yo Forms -car -que practicar -gar -gue cargar -zar -ce analizar -ger -ja escoger -cer -zca conocer -guir -ga seguir -uir -ya construir (practico) practique (cargo) cargue (analizo) analice (escojo) escoja (conozco) conozca (sigo) siga (construyo)construya Keep their spelling changes in all forms and do NOT have accents.

Six (6) Irregular Subjunctive Forms where YO, DROP & SWAP does not work: D Dar: dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den I Ir: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan S Saber: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan. H Haber (hay): haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan E Estar: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén S Ser: sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean. La cancioncita: Dé, Esté, Haya, Vaya, Sepa, Sea, ¡otra vez!

Stem-Changing Boot verbs -ar / -er stem changing verbs follow the present indicative pattern. pensar (ie, e): piense pensemos pienses penséis piense piensen *(ie, e): cerrar, empezar, entender, perder, querer, recomendar, etc. *(ue, o): almorzar, aprobar, contar, esforzarse, encontrar, mostrar, poder, probar, resolver, volver, etc. -ir stem changing verbs show two changes. dormir & morir (ue, u): duerma durmamos duermas durmáis duerma duerman *(ie, i): preferir, divertir, sentir y requerir. * (i, but no boot change): conseguir, pedir, repetir, servir y vestirse.