Section 16.3 Risks of Tobacco Use Objectives Describe the long-term health risks of tobacco use. Identify the long-term risks of exposure to secondhand smoke. Examine how smoking by a pregnant woman can affect her baby.

Explain why you gave the answer that you did. Quick Quiz All of the following statements are true except for one. Which statement do you think is false? In the United States, over 400,000 people die from smoking each year. Children of people who smoke have a greater risk of developing asthma. Scientists have developed cures for chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Smokers die about 13 years earlier than nonsmokers. Smokeless tobacco increases one’s risk of cardiovascular disease. Explain why you gave the answer that you did. Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz.

Long-Term Risks With every dose of tobacco, users increase their risk of developing respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and several different forms of cancer. Cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible for the deaths of over 400,000 Americans each year. More than 6 million children living today may die early because of a decision they will make during their teen years—the decision to use tobacco.

Respiratory Diseases Cells that line the respiratory tract have hairlike extensions called cilia. Tar sticks to the cilia, prevents them from moving, and damages them over time. Tobacco smoke and other accumulating toxins irritate the lining of the bronchi.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease If a person continues to smoke over a long period of time, the damage that occurs to the respiratory system becomes permanent. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that results in a gradual loss of lung function. In people with chronic bronchitis, the airways are constantly inflamed. Tobacco smoke damages alveoli tissue. The damage can lead to emphysema, a disorder in which alveoli in the lungs can no longer function properly.

Make a Model of a Smoker’s Lungs In this activity, you will construct a simple smoking machine to demonstrate how smoking affects the lungs. Tubing and clay Materials Twist tie plastic bottle with cap • plastic tubing clay • cotton ball • twist tie cigarette • safety matches Cotton ball Puncture hole here

Make a Model of a Smoker’s Lungs Try This Your teacher will make a hole in the bottle cap about the size of the tubing. Your teacher will also poke a hole in the side of the bottle. Thread the tubing into the hole in the bottle cap, and seal the edges with clay. Place the cotton ball over the tubing on the underside of the cap. Use the twist tie to secure it.

Make a Model of a Smoker’s Lungs Try This Insert the cigarette into the other end of the tubing so that the side you light points up. Screw the cap onto the bottle. Squeeze the bottle to force some air out of it. Then cover the hole with your thumb.

Make a Model of a Smoker’s Lungs Try This Have your teacher light the cigarette. With your thumb over the hole, pump the bottle slowly and steadily. This will draw air in through the cigarette. When the bottle is full of air, uncover the hole to let some air out. Cover the hole before drawing air in through the cigarette again. Your teacher will extinguish the cigarette and dispose of it.

Make a Model of a Smoker’s Lungs Think and Discuss Describe the appearance of the cotton ball after the smoking test. What does the inside of the bottle look like? Use the model to describe what smoking does to a smoker’s teeth, throat, and lungs.

COPD Treatments Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90 percent of all COPD deaths. Treatments focus on relieving symptoms and slowing the progress of the disease. Possible treatments include medications that open airways breathing exercises oxygen treatments lung transplants

Cardiovascular Disease The combined effects of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide force the cardiovascular system to work harder to deliver oxygen throughout the body. Tobacco use raises blood pressure. Studies show that the chemicals in tobacco smoke increase blood cholesterol levels and promote atherosclerosis. Nicotine increases the blood’s tendency to clot.

Cancer Tobacco use is a major factor in the development of lung cancer, oral cancers, and several other cancers. Many factors influence a tobacco user’s risk of developing cancer. when the person started using tobacco how much tobacco the person has used how often the person is exposed to other people’s smoke

Lung Cancer Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both women and men. Scientists estimate that more than 85 percent of all deaths caused by lung cancer are related to smoking. By the time most lung cancers are diagnosed successful treatment is unlikely.

Oral Cancer Smoking and smokeless tobacco are also associated with oral cancers—cancers of the mouth, tongue, and throat. About 90 percent of oral cancers occur in people who use tobacco. Tobacco users may develop white patches on their tongues or the lining of their mouths called leukoplakia (loo koh PLAY kee uh).

Other Cancers Tobacco carcinogens affect many organs in the body. Tobacco users also have an increased risk of cancers of the esophagus larynx stomach pancreas kidney bladder blood

Secondhand Smoke Mainstream smoke is exhaled from a smoker’s lungs. Sidestream smoke is smoke that goes into the air directly from the cigarette. The combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke is called secondhand smoke, or environmental tobacco smoke. Secondhand smoke is inhaled by everyone near the smoker.

Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke can cause cardiovascular disease, many respiratory problems, and cancer. Each year, secondhand smoke causes close to 40,000 deaths from heart attacks and lung cancer. Each year, secondhand smoke contributes to about 300,000 respiratory infections in children younger than eighteen months. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to develop allergies and asthma.

Avoiding Secondhand Smoke Federal, state, and local laws now prohibit or restrict smoking in many public places and workplaces. Ask smokers not to smoke around you. Be firm when informing guests that they cannot smoke in your home or car. In restaurants, always sit in no-smoking areas.

For: More on secondhand smoke Click above to go online.

Tobacco Use and Pregnancy Pregnant women who smoke put their babies at risk for many health problems. cerebral palsy sight impairment hearing problems learning difficulties Pregnant women who smoke also have higher rates of miscarriages, premature births, and stillbirths. Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are also at much higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Vocabulary chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) A disease that results in a gradual loss of lung function. chronic bronchitis A condition in which the bronchi in the lungs are constantly swollen and clogged with mucus. emphysema A disorder in which damaged alveoli in the lungs can no longer take in adequate oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. leukoplakia White patches on the tongue or lining of the mouth that may become cancerous.

Vocabulary mainstream smoke Smoke that is exhaled from a smoker’s lungs. sidestream smoke Smoke that goes directly into the air from a burning tobacco product. secondhand smoke A combination of mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke; also known as environmental tobacco smoke.

QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

End of Section 16.3 Click on this slide to end this presentation.