2.2- Comparing Bacteria & Archaea SBI3U1- Ms.Ferrari

How can we Compare & Contrast Domains? Recall: Prokaryotes are represented by 2 domains- Bacteria, Archaea Therefore we can compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea by looking at the following: Type of cell ( eukaryote? Prokaryote? ) Morphology ( shape) Aggregation ( how are cells grouped together?) Nutrition Habitat Reproduction

Similarities btw. Archaea & Bacteria Cell Type: Both are prokaryotic Morphology: similar shape- cocci (spheres), bacilli (rods), and spirilli ( spiral cells) Nutrition: both either consume other organisms or use inorganic compounds Habitat: Both are found in extreme environments; more archaea live in extreme habitats (extremophiles), while more bacteria live in moderate habitats (mesophiles) Reproduction: binary fission

Differences btw. Archaea & Bacteria 1) shaped like pyramids, cubes, or rods with star cross-sections, 2) Some are photosynthetic, 3) live anaerobically in human guts; 1) shaped like plates or rectangular rods 2) Some aare methanogenetic (produce methane gas as by-product). 3)live anaerobically in cattle guts. ARCHAEA BACTERIA

Comparing Morphology Most common forms in both bacteria and archaea are spheres and rods. Spherical forms are called cocci Rod forms are called bacilli Spiral forms are called spirilli cocci bacilli spirilli

Three Types of Extremophiles Comparing Habitat Chapter 2: Diversity: From Simple to Complex Section 2.2 Three Types of Extremophiles Thermophiles live in hot springs and deep sea vents, enduring temperatures over 100ºC. Example: Archaea Methanopyrus Acidophiles live in volcanic craters and mine drainage lakes, enduring pH levels lower than 3. Example: Archaea Picrophilus Halophiles live in salt lakes and inland seas, enduring salt concentrations above 20%. Example: Archaea Halococcus

Comparing Reproduction: Binary Fission Binary fission is asexual reproduction. Both domains lack a nucleus therefore the only way to reproduce is asexually.

Comparing Reproduction: Conjugation UNIT 1 Chapter 2: Diversity: From Simple to Complex Section 2.2 Comparing Reproduction: Conjugation In less favorable conditions, DNA can be exchanged instead of reproducing by binary fission. Conjugation= one cell links to another by a pilus (tube) and transfers a copy of some or all of the chromosomes.

Classifying Bacteria: Gram Staining Bacteria that will stain because they contain a thick protein layer on their cell wall are Gram-positive (become purple) Bacteria that will not stain because they have a thin protein layer are Gram-negative (become pink).

Bacteria & Human Health A)Clostridium botulinum causes food poisoning B)Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat C)Streptococcus mutans causes tooth decay

Homework Read and make notes 2.1 Pgs.59-68 Complete pg. 66 Q# 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11