Types of Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Involves the process of Offspring are genetically to parent mitosis identical

Binary Fission Parent divides into halves after nucleus replicates No parent remains daughter cells grow to normal size Occurs in , , and 2 equal 2 bacteria protozoa algae

Budding Parent organism divides into halves Daughter cell forms from outgrowth or off parent Buds may or remain attached and form a 2 unequal bud break off colony

Occurs in and hydra yeast

Sporulation (spore forming) Production of many in a special spore producing structure ( ) Spores are , specialized cells, containing and within a hard case Occurs in , , and spores spore case microscopic nucleus cytoplasm molds mushrooms ferns

Regeneration Ability to back missing parts The more the organism, the it is to regenerate Occurs in simple organisms such as and grow complex harder starfish flat worm

Vegetative Propagation piece of a body of a multicellular organism gives rise to a organism Common in - using stems, leaves, or roots Can occur or new plants naturally artificially

Natural Vegetative Propagation Bulb- Corm- Tuber- Runner- Rhizome- Short underground stem with stored food & fleshy leaves Ex. Onion, tulip Short underground stem with stored food Ex. Water chestnut Enlarged underground stem Ex. potato (stolon) horizontal stem with buds along ground’s surface Ex. strawberry Underground horizontal stem Ex. ginger

Tuber Runner Bulb Corm Rhizome

Artificial Vegetative Propagation part Cutting- use of plant to reproduce (Ex. ) Layering- stem is over and covered with  will root and form plant (Ex. ) Grafting- stem or bud of one plant is to another plant (Ex. ) Spider plant soil bent new raspberry joined permanently Seedless fruit tree

scion stock Layering Grafting