Cell Cycle Review

Cell Cycle Cell Cycle is controlled by proteins at different checkpoints

Cancer Cells Problem: It is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells. Regulation of cell growth and division is lost Cells do not respond normally to control mechanisms/checkpoints

Cells that undergo Mitosis and Cytokinesis are referred to as somatic cells, or body cells. The cells produced (daughter cells) are genetically identical to the original cell (parent cell). 2 1. How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis? 2. If a chimpanzee liver cell has 54 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell? 54

Centrioles Centromere Spindle fibers Chromatids

Mitosis & Cytokinesis Mitosis – cell division of the nucleus metaphase parent cell prophase anaphase identical daughter cells telophase Mitosis – cell division of the nucleus Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm A cell with 16 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis. How many daughter cells are produced? How many chromosomes are in each? 2 16 Mitosis is a form of __________________ because identical cells are made from one cell. asexual reproduction

Cell Plate Belt of Proteins

Cell Division of a Somatic (Body) Cell Interphase Prophase Cytokinesis Telophase Metaphase Anaphase Metaphase Anaphase

Predict what would happen if cytokinesis were skipped? You would end up with a bigger cell that would have two nuclei.

Predict what would happen if a cell produced faulty spindle fibers? The chromatids would not separate.

Predict what would happen if the Synthesis (S) phase were removed? DNA would not be copied and the new cell would not have a copy of the DNA.

What phase is this? Prophase

What phase is this? Anaphase

What phase is this? Cytokenisis

What phase is this? Telophase

What phase is this? Interphase

What phase is this? Metaphase

Put the phases in the correct order! B C A F D E B F C E A D

Where does DNA replication occur? G1 S G2 M

What part of the cell cycle results in daughter cells? mitosis prophase cytokinesis G2 checkpoint

What is the purpose of mitosis? Guarantees that each daughter cell has half the amount of DNA than the parent It ensures that new nuclei have correct amount of DNA It ensures the reproduction of mitochondria and chloroplast It prevents the occurrence of cancer cells

Radiating fibers Nuclear envelope chromatids Spindle apparatus What structure(s) allows chromosomes to separate and move during mitosis? Radiating fibers Nuclear envelope chromatids Spindle apparatus

Cells spend 90% of their time in which phase? Cytokinesis Telophase Prophase Interphase

mRNA transcription DNA replication DNA translation DNA transformation What process results in two complete strands of DNA from one original strand? mRNA transcription DNA replication DNA translation DNA transformation

Haploid vs. Diploid How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that have a haploid number of 6? The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell is ? A gamete cell has 14 chromosomes. How many would there be in a somatic cell?

Sex Chromosomes What are the two sex chromosomes? What are the sex chromosomes for a male? What are the sex chromosomes for a female?

Karyotypes A photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that show the chromosomes arranged by size. Purpose of a Karyotype: (1) to detect abnormalities in chromosome number (2) to determine gender

Normal or Abnormal? Male or Female?

Normal or Abnormal? Male or Female?

Normal or Abnormal? Male or Female?

Normal or Abnormal? Male or Female?

Vocabulary Binary fission Homologous chromosomes Trisomy Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Diploid (2n) Haploid (n)