The Kingdom Protista Chapter 20

Its Monday so lets move! Partner A stays put, B move to A’s desk A B Kirk JC Colin Kaitlyn B Kaylee Kyle Tat Jordenne Tonja Alex H Jonathan Ciera Kaitlin Brandon Rayelle Tyler Alexander Nichole Katrina Danika Sophie Shay Sasha Maazy Erin Duncan Will Paula Gabe Partner A stays put, B move to A’s desk

Get to know your partner 5 minutes

What is a Protist? are eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi 1st eukaryotic organisms on Earth, appearing nearly 1.5 billion years ago, more than 200,000 species

Classification of Protists Most protists are classified by their method of obtaining nutrients Animal-like protists are heterotrophs (Zooplankton) Plant-like protists photosynthesize (Phytoplankton) Fungus-like protists are parasites or decomposers

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans The 4 phyla of animal-like protists are distinguished from one another by their means of movement: Zoomastigina – swim with flagella Sarcodina – move by extensions of cytoplasm Ciliophora – move and feed by means of cilia Sporozoa – do not move on their own and are parasitic

Phylum Ciliophora Animal-like protists that move and feed by means of cilia are known as ciliates Cilia are hair-like projections similar to flagella Most ciliates are free living (non parasitic) Some of the best known ciliates belong to the genus Paramecium

Ciliates – Internal Anatomy of the Paramecium The cilia of a paramecium are organized into evenly spaced rows and bundles that beat in an efficient pattern A paramecium’s cell membrane has trichocysts small, bottle-shaped structures used for defense Paramecium have a macronucleus a working library of genetic information Paramecium have a micronucleus contains a reserve copy of all of the cells genes Paramecium have a gullet An indention in one side that traps food particles Paramecium have an anal pore Region of the cell membrane used to empty waste materials into the environment Paramecium have contractile vacuoles Used to collect and store excess water

Ciliate Reproduction Under most conditions, ciliates reproduce asexually by mitosis and binary fission However, when placed under stress, cilia may engage in conjugation During conjugation, 2 cilia attach themselves to each other and exchange genetic information

Zooflagellates Animal-like protists that swim using flagella are classified in the phylum Zoomastigina and are referred to as zooflagellates Most have either 1 or 2 flagella (although some species have many)

Zooflagellates Examples: Absorb food through their cell membranes Most live in lakes and streams, although some live in the bodies of other organisms Most reproduce asexually by means of binary fission, although some have a sexual life cycle Examples: Giardia – causes Diarrhea by attaching to your intestinal wall Trypanosomes – Blood parasite. Causes African sleeping sickness (vector tse tse fly) T. cruzi causes Chagas disease results in heart failure.

Phylum Sarcodina Sarcodines are animal-like protists that use pseudopods for feeding and movement Pseudopods (false feet) are temporary projections of cytoplasm The best known sarcodines are amoebas Amoeboid movement involves the cytoplasm of the cell streaming into the pseudopod allowing the rest of the cell to follow

Sarcodines Amoebas can capture and digest particles of food and even other cells To do this, they surround their meal and take it inside to form a food vacuole (a small cavity in the cytoplasm that temporarily stores food) Amoebas reproduce by means of binary fission

Phylum Sporozoa Members of the phylum Sporozoa are animal-like protists that do not move on their own and are parasitic The sporozoan Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito As many as 2 million people die from malaria each year

Plasmodium Life Cycle