Kingdom Protista

KINGDOM PROTISTA Protists are eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals; most are unicellular; found in or near water Examples of Protists: amoeba – use pseudopodia to move paramecium – use cilia to move euglena – use flagella to move algae – are photosynthetic (ex: green, red, brown algae) diatoms - are photosynthetic with double shells made of silica slime and water molds (fungus-like) sporozoans – form spores (ex: malaria, toxoplasmosis)

Classification of Protists How they obtain energy How they move Animal Like amoeba paramecium sporozoans Plant Like euglena algae diatoms Fungus Like slime mold water mold

Different Kinds Of Protists Amoeba Paramecium Euglena Sporozoans (Malaria) Slime & Water Mold Diatoms Algae

AMOEBA Pseudopod – flexible cytoplasmic extensions; “false foot” Cyst – a hard-walled body that can exist for a long period of time until conditions become favorable Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water

Method of Reproduction – binary fission Endocytosis– method of food intake creating food vacuoles Amoebic Dysentery – diarrhea and stomach upset caused by drinking contaminated water

Euglena Flagella – a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor for movement Eyespot – area that detects light Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water

Pellicle – stiff but flexible covering that gives the organism its shape Autotrophic – have chloroplast to can undergo photosynthesis Heterotrophic– absorbs food across their cell membrane

Paramecium Cilia – tiny hair-like projections Pellicle – a thick outer membrane Trichocysts – thread like organelles used as defense mechanisms Contractile Vacuole – removes excess water

Micronucleus – controls reproduction; asexually (binary fission) or sexually (conjugation) Macronucleus – controls everything but reproduction Avoidance Behavior – moving away from an unpleasant stimulus

KINGDOM FUNGI Characteristics: eukaryotes multicellular, except for yeast (unicellular) cell walls are made of chitin “absorptive” heterotrophs, they do not ingest their food, they secrete digestive enzymes then absorb the nutrients (extracellular digestion) ex: saprophytes – live off dead organisms parasites – live off living organisms

Why are fungi not classified as plants? They are heterotrophs, not autotrophs. They have no chloroplast/chlorophyll. They have no true roots, stems, and leaves.

Types of Fungi: Club Fungi (Basidiomycetes) –mushrooms; forms spores in a structure called basidium Sac Fungi (Ascomycetes) – truffles, mildew; forms spores in a sac called asci; also includes yeast Thread-like Fungi (Zygomycetes)-bread mold; spores found in sporangium Imperfect Fungi ( Deuteromycota) includes Althete’s foot, ringworm, thrush

Internal Structure of Fungi The bodies of fungi consist of hyphae (long slender strands of cells). A branching network of hyphae is called mycelium.

Symbiotic Relationships Lichens – symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi Mycorrhizae – symbiotic fungi that inhabit the roots of plants and help supply them with nutrients

Types of Fungi Zygomycetes (Thread-like Fungi) Mushrooms Basidiomycetes (Club Fungi) Bread Mold Yeast Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi)

Fungi Classfication