Starter… Read 128 -133 Page 133 # 4, 7, 12 Page 154 # 10, 12, 13 September 22, 2018

Kingdom Protista

Protists most diverse kingdom all eukaryotic mostly unicellular aquatic organisms asexual reproduction generally by binary fission 3 different groups plant-like animal-like fungi-like September 22, 2018

1. Plant-like Protists: Algae all autotrophs contain chlorophyll have cell walls 2 major groups a) unicellular algae b) multicellular algae ▪phytoplankton ▪ seaweed diatoms brown algae September 22, 2018

Plant-like Protists: Algae a) unicellular algae very important because: begin every aquatic food chain produce 67% of atmospheric O2 overpopulation causes algal blooms which can cause: i) dead algae decomposed by saprophytes consume large amounts of O2 – none left for fish swamp produced ii) produce toxins which kill fish can also be harmful to humans ex. red tide September 22, 2018

Plant-like Protists:Seaweed b) multicellular algae (seaweed) no real tissues i.e. colonies food source for fish and humans cell walls of red algae used to make: agar gel caps cosmetics Volvox September 22, 2018

2.Fungus-like Protists (Slime Moulds) multicellular body (like giant amoeba) called a plasmodium roll over forest floor feeding on dead organic matter move very slowly (few mm/day) reproduce asexually with spores (like fungi) in fruiting bodies September 22, 2018

3. Animal-like Protists all heterotrophs classified by how they move a) pseudopods: move with cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods (false feet) ex. amoeba some pathogenic i.e. amoebic dysentery September 22, 2018

Animal-like Protists c) ciliates move with cilia (short hair-like projections) that can cover cell ex. paramecium September 22, 2018

Animal-like Protists d) sporozoa reproduce by asexually by spores have no means of locomotion many parasites, which depend on host body fluids to move ex. Malaria RBC anopheles mosquito September 22, 2018

Animal-like Protists b) flagellates move with long whip-like flagella some parasitic pathogens ex. African sleeping sickness Giardia lamblia (beaver fever) trypanosome September 22, 2018

Paramecium Structure cilia contractile vacuole cytoplasm micronucleus macronucleus oral groove gullet food vacuole forming anal pore food vacuole September 22, 2018

Paramecium spiral movement September 22, 2018

Paramecium Reproduction same 2 organisms (genetically different ) 2 new organisms (genetically identically ) Conjugation (sexual reproduction) have two nuclei exchange micronucleus with another paramecium Binary fission (asexual reproduction) September 22, 2018

Amoeba Structure food vacuole contractile vacuole pseudopod endoplasm ectoplasm nucleus Note: contractile vacuole collects all the H2O that diffuses in by osmosis contracts & pumps H2O out to stop amoeba from bursting cytoplasm September 22, 2018

Amoeba Feeding phagocytosis pseudopod surrounds food food enters a food vacuole enzymes break down food in vacuole pseudopod food September 22, 2018

one amoeba divides into 2 identical amoebas Amoeba Reproduction Binary Fission (asexual) one amoeba divides into 2 identical amoebas September 22, 2018