Why are common names misleading? - Many different common names for the same animals - Many different tree species called mahogany - common names can give misleading information.

The Six Kingdoms Kingdom Bacteria:

General Information Bacteria are simple, prokaryotic organisms. They can be classified according to three shapes 1. cocci (round) 2. bacilli (rod) 3. spirilli (spiral)

Bacterial reproduction Bacteria reproduce by asexual means (ie. The new bacteria are exactly the same as the originals.) They reproduce by a process called binary fission.

Example of bacterial life cycle (E. coli)

Kingdom Archaea These were once classified with bacteria since they are very similar. They have since been placed into their own kingdom since they have an independent evolutionary history from bacteria. They are also biochemically distinct. They were once seen as only extremophiles but have since been found in a wide range of habitats. Their life cycle is the same as that of bacteria.

Kingdom Protista Protists are microscopic, eukaryotic organisms. They are classified into three major groups according to how they get their nutrition.

1. Protozoa (animal-like protists): Heterotrophs that ingest or absorb food. 2. Algae (plant-like protists): autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis. 3. Slime moulds and water moulds (fungus-like): are heterotrophic.

Protist life cycle – Plasmodium vivax: causes one type of malaria.

Kingdom Fungi Fungi are non-photosynthetic heterotrophs and possess cell walls. The bodies of fungi are a network of fine filaments called hyphae. A loose, branching nework of hyphae that makes up the bulk of a fungus is called a mycellium.

Types of Fungi Fungi are classified according to their reproductive characteristics. 1. Zygomycota – produce zygospores – sexual reproduction. 2. Basidiomycota- produce basidiospores – sexual reproduction. 3. Ascomycota – produce asci(spread by wind) – sexual reproduction. 4. Deuteromycota – produce conidia – reproduce asexually.