Winnipeg area ground school OCdt Pesto Radio Winnipeg area ground school OCdt Pesto

Teaching Points Radiotelephone Procedures Phraseology Radio Communication Facilities and Ground Stations Phonetic Alphabet Aircraft Call Signs

teaching points cont. Time Standard Phrases Priority of Communication Distress Urgency Safety

Why radios? The vast airway radio networks offer a rapid and reliable means of communication, weather, and air navigation over large distances They have been perfected to the point where it has come to be regarded in the present day world of aviation as indispensable However, it should never be completely dependant on. Radios can and do occasionally fail

Radiotelephone procedures Using correct procedure is essential to ensuring an efficient exchange of communication This is even more important when lives and property are at stake It is also necessary for the sharing of “air time” in a crowded radio space

radiotelephone procedures cont. Radios installed in any civil aircraft may only be operated by persons holding a radio operator’s licence- Restricted Radiotelephone Operator’s Certificate

Phraseology Standard Phraseology is recommended in the interest of clarity and brevity It is not compulsory for a pilot to use these phrases, however, use of the standard phrases do provide a uniformity in transmission

radio communication facilities Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Control Tower Ground Control Terminal Arrival and Departure Control Flight Service Stations (FSS)

automatic terminal information services Non control information relating to airport information, weather, NOTAMS etc. Recorded by tower personnel and is continuously broadcasted on a loop on a specific frequency Each recording is identified with a phonetic alphabet code letter and is updated each time there is a change

control tower Ensures the safe and efficient movement of air traffic They are in charge of all landings, takeoffs, and VFR traffic in the airspace

Ground Control Responsible for all the aircraft on the ground save for the a/c landing or taking off

terminal area and departure control Arrival control is provided to expedite the flow of IFR flights inbound within a terminal control area Departure control provides the same for outbound IFR flights

flight service stations Personal are trained to provide flight safety to pilots Can also be used to file flight plans and get weather information along a planned route

All specific frequencies for airport services will be in the Canadian Flight Supplement

ground stations Ground radio facilities are identified by their names. Examples include…

Airport Radio- Community Aerodrome Radio Station Remote Communication Outlet Mandatory Frequency Approach- ATC Approach Control Apron- Apron Advisory Control Arrival- ATC Arrival Control Centre- Area Control Centre Clearance Delivery- Clearance Delivery Commet- Commet Departure- ATC Departure Control

Ground- Airport Ground Control Information- Flight Information Centre Metro- Pilot Forecaster Precision Radar- Precision Radar Approach Facility (PAR) Radar- Enroute Radar Facility Radio- Flight Service Station Surveillance Radar- Surveillance Approach Radar Facility (ASR) Terminal- Terminal Control Unit Tower- Airport Control Tower UNICOM- or Aerodrome Traffic Frequency

phonetic alphabet To avoid confusion due to the similarity in sound of some letters of the alphabet, a phonetic alphabet has been devised It is used for single letters or to spell out words

phonetic alphabet A- Alpha B- Bravo O- Oscar C- Charlie P- Papa D- Delta E- Echo F- Foxtrot G- Golf O- Oscar P- Papa Q- Quebec R- Romeo S- Sierra T- Tango H- Hotel I- India J- Juliet K- Kilo L- Lima M- Mike N- November U- Uniform V- Victor W- Whiskey X- Xray Y- Yankee Z- Zulu

aircraft call signs During radio communication, the letters of your aircraft must be expressed in phonetics at all times On initial contact, you must give the manufacturer’s name or type of the aircraft, followed by the four letters of registration In subsequent communications, and only after ATC has started, the call letters may be shortened to the last three letters

Time The 24 hour system is used when expressing time over the radio The first two numbers symbolize the hour and the second two symbolize the minuets after the hour Starting at 0000hrs and ending at 2359hrs

standard phrases Standard phrases are used in radio talk to create a unified speech that is clear, precise, and easy to understand Again, it is not compulsory, but it is much easier

standard phrases cont. Acknowledge- “Let me know you have received and understood the message” Affirmative- “Yes” Break- “I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message” Confirm- “My version is… is that correct?” Correction- “I have made an error. The correct version is…”

standard phrases cont. Do you read?- “I have called you more than once. If you are receiving me, reply” Go ahead- “Proceed with your message” How do you read me? I say again- “I will repeat” Negative- “ No”

standard phrases cont. Out- “My transmission is ended. I do not expect a reply from you” Over- “My transmission is ended. I expect a reply from you” Read back- “Repeat this message back to me after I have given” Roger- “Okay. I have received your message” Say again- “Repeat” (never use the word repeat)

standard phrases cont. Speak slower Stand by- “I must pause for a few seconds.” If the pause is to be longer than a few seconds, add the word “out” That is correct Verify- “Check with the originator” Wilco- “Your instructions received, understood, and will be complied with

priority of communication Priority of comms is set out and applied by flight service stations They are used to alleviate the airways for the aircraft that is most needing to communicate

Priority of communication cont. Emergency Communications (Distress and Urgency) Flight Safety Comms (ATC clearance, airport advisories, position reports, airfile flight plans)

Priority of communication cont. Scheduled Broadcasts Unscheduled Broadcasts Other air-ground Comms

distress Your first call should be made on the air-ground frequency that is at use at the time Then on the general distress frequency 121.50 MHz It should be repeated on intervals until answered

distress cont. The distress call format is the word MAYDAY three times followed by your aircraft identification three times If time permits, your message should include; position, altitude, type of aircraft, your emergency, and your intended action

urgency This call signals concern for safety of a ship, or aircraft, or some person on board or within sight The urgency format is the word PANPAN three times followed by your message

safety This signals that a station is about to transmit a message concerning the safety of navigation or important meteorological warnings to aircraft in flight The call format is the word SECURITY repeated three times

Radios OCdt Pesto