STAGES OF MITOSIS: The body cells of all organisms have a special way of dividing. The dividing of a cell to form two new cells that are exactly alike is called mitosis. The dividing cell is called the parent cell, & the 2 new cells are called the daughter cells. Before the parent cell divides it makes a copy of its nucleus so that each daughter cell will have one. Thus, the division of a cell begins in its nucleus. Refer to the figures to the right as you read about the five phases of mitosis: 1. INTERPHASE- means between phases. It is the time between cell divisions. No division takes place, but the cell is very active. The cell is carrying out life functions. DNA makes a copy of itself. The centrioles-two small structures just outside the nucleus-are copied. INTERPHASE 2. PROPHASE- is the time before the doubled DNA gets into position. The doubled DNA shortens & thickens into threadlike structures. During prophase, the centrioles pairs move to opposite sides of the nucleus. The centrioles make long fibers which form an oval shaped structure called a spindle between the 2 centriole pairs. At the same time the nuclear membrane disappears. PROPHASE

3. METAPHASE- is the time when the doubled DNA threads line up in the middle of the spindle. Each centriole pair looks like it is playing tug-of-war with the short threads. 4. ANAPHASE- is the time when doubled DNA threads separate into 2 groups & move to opposite ends of the spindle. The DNA threads are now called chromosomes. METAPHASE 5. TELOPHASE- is the last phase of mitosis. A nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes. Now that the nucleus is copied, the parent cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells. Cell division occurs when the cell membrane pinches together in the middle. Each new cell has a complete set of chromosomes in its nucleus with 2 centrioles outside the nucleus. ANAPHASE TELOPHASE DAUGHTER CELLS

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION REVIEW I. TRUE OR FALSE: T 1. Plants reproduce asexually from runners & rhizomes. F 2. A potato is a bulb. T 3. Rhizomes grow under the ground. F 4. A tuber is a short underground flower. F 5. All stems grow upward. F 6. Stiff plants reproduce by layering. T 7. Cuttings & grafting are artificial means of reproducing plants. T 8. A cutting may be a stem or a leaf. F 9. A stem or leaf cutting should be kept dry. F 10. All kinds of plants can be grafted together.

II. MATCHING: COLUMN A COLUMN B C 1. vegetative propagation a) a bud E 2. tuber b) short underground stem with colorless leaves A 3. tuber eye c) asexual plant reproduction B 4. bulb d) store food D 5. tubers & colorless e) heavy underground stem leaves of bulbs