Do First 1. You have 30 seconds from the bell to give Mrs. Jain your fungi guided reading 2. Grab today’s notes worksheet 3. Get in your new seat. Ask Mrs. Jain 4. Think in your head: How do fungi reproduce?

Plants

Remember the Plant Cell? Eukaryotic “Square-ish” shape Large central vacuole Chloroplasts for photosynthesis (plants are autotrophs) Cellulose cell walls

EOC Review Do you remember the parts of the cell and what they do?

How did Plants get on Land? Plants share characteristics with aquatic green algae Multicellular eukaryotes; Photosynthesize (have chlorophyll); Cellulose cell walls Plants probably evolved from multicellular aquatic green algae Scientists hypothesize that ancient green algae may have grown in areas of shallow water that dried out from time to time. Natural selection likely favored individuals that could withstand longer dry periods

Life in the Water

Plants have Adaptations that Allow them to Live on Land Retaining Moisture Plants are surrounded by a cuticle (waxy, waterproof layer) that helps hold in moisture Stomata (holes in cuticle) can close to prevent water loss or open to allow air to move in and out

Plants have Adaptations that Allow them to Live on Land Transporting Resources Land plants get their nutrients from the soil through a vascular system This collection of specialized tissues bring water and minerals up from roots and through to the leaves Phloem transports food (sugars) & Xylem transports water and minerals

EOC Review Label the xylem and phloem. What is process if occurring in the leaves?

Plants have Adaptations that Allow them to Live on Land Growing Upright Plants need structure to support their weight and provide space for vascular tissues Lignin provides this support Lignin makes up the “wood” of the tree and thick stems of plants

Plants have Adaptations that Allow them to Live on Land Reproducing on Land In water, sperm “swim” to eggs Pollen and seeds are adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce completely free of water

Plant Life Cycles Plants complete their life cycle by alternating between two phases Sporophyte: Adult that produces spores Gametophyte: Adult that produces gametes This life cycle is called alternation of generations

Alteration of Generations

Classification of Plants Plants can be classified into nine phyla Each of the phyla are in one of four groups

Seedless Nonvascular Plants No vascular system, so they must grow close to the ground to absorb water and nutrients directly Rely on free-standing water to reproduce Phyla in this group include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses

Liverworts Hornworts Mosses

Seedless Vascular Plants Depend on water for reproduction but a vascular system allows them to grow up off the ground Phyla in this group include club mosses and ferns

Ferns Club Moss

Cone-Bearing Seed Plants Seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed in fruits Can reproduce without water – relies on wind Seed nourishes growing plant Phyla in this group include cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers (largest group)

Conifer Ginkgo Cycad

Flowering Seed Plants Seed plant whose seeds are enclosed in a fruit - can also reproduce WITHOUT WATER because seed doesn’t dry out Flower is the reproductive structure Fruit is the mature ovary of a flower

Flowering Plants!

The Success of Flowering Plants Flowers and fruit allow for more efficient pollination (flowers are pretty and fruit is yummy)

Kinds of Flowering Plants Monocots have one seed leaf (cotyledon) Veins in leaves are parallel Dicots have two seed leaves (cotyledons) Veins in leaves are net-like

Reproduction in Flowering Plants Stamens are male Pistil is female Pollination occurs when pollen enters pistil

Fruits vs. Vegetables The biological meaning of a fruit is different from the everyday meaning of a fruit A fruit is the ovary of a flower A vegetable is any other part of the plant that is eaten Includes leaves, stems, roots, flowers, bulbs

Fruit or Veggie? Fruit!

Fruit or Veggie? Veggie - Flowers!

Fruit or Veggie? Fruit!

Fruit or Veggie? Veggie – Roots!

Fruit or Veggie? Veggie – Stems!

Fruit or Veggie? Veggie – Leaves!

Fruit or Veggie? Fruit!

Fruit or Veggie? Veggie - Stems!

Fruit or Veggie? Fruit!