Sexual reproduction is characterized by processes that pass a unique combination of genetic material to offspring, resulting in increased genetic diversity Asexual reproduction only one parent-reproduction without the fusion of gametes.

Prokaryotes Reproduce with Binary Fission Doubling the genetic material Division Cell Elongation Separation of cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Reproduction More complicated Must organize more genetic material

Clickers: What process must occur prior to chromosome duplication? Cell reproduction Mitosis DNA replication Nuclear division

Eukaryotic Genome Organization Normal cells are diploid resulting from combination of two haploid cells (gametes) What is the sex of this person? DIPLOID Cells, 2n 22 Autosomes -1 member of the pair from each parent 1 sex chromosome pair- 1 member of the pair from each parent 2n= 46 in humans, 1n=23

BEFORE we go further…. Homologous Pair corresponding genes, non identical Sister Chromatids one homologue doubled, identical Tetrad- both members of the pair doubled DIPLOID

Mitosis Cell division that results in the EXACT duplication of parent cell into two daughter cells Growth & Development Zygote to 10 trillion cells! Asexual Reproduction Making more of yourself; unicellular Think about organizing 6ft of DNA in tiny cell for every division!

Growth Factors

Cancer Cells that have lost their control of the cell cycle and divide uncontrollably Abnormal check points during cell cycle, no apoptosis Loss of anchor dependency Loss of cell density dependency

Cancer Karyotype