Cell Differentiation The Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Regulation Cancer Unit 2 Part 2- Test Review Cell Differentiation The Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Regulation Cancer

Cell Differentiation The fertilized egg gives rise to many different types of cells in a multicellular organism. Each cell has a particular structure and function. This is called differentiation. Even though cells are differentiated, they have the SAME DNA in their nucleus. The activated DNA “genes” determine the cells structure and function. Once a cell specializes, it can not be reversed!

Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to divide and renew themselves for long periods of time, remain undifferentiated in form, and develop into a variety of specialized cells.

The Cell Cycle Three Parts 1) Interphase 2) Mitosis 3) Cytokinesis

The Cell Cycle- Mitosis

Chromosome Karyotype- A picture of chromosomes in order. Autosomes- Chromosome Numbers 1-22 Sex Chromosomes #23 XX Female XY Male

Haploid vs Diploid Cells Diploid cells contain all 46 chromosomes Described as “2n” All other cells in the body Haploid cells contain only 23 chromosomes Described as “n” Only EGG and SPERM cells

Cellular Division Prokaryotes (Single celled Bacteria) divide via Binary Fission- break off to form two new cells Eukaryotes (Unicellular or Multicellular) divide via Mitosis (Nuclear Division) One parent cell divides via MITOSIS into two identical daughter cells

Cell Cycle Regulation

Cell Cycle Regulation

Cell Cycle Regulation Apoptosis- programmed cell death Carcinogen- Substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer. Cancer- uncontrolled cell division Benign- usually localized and harmless Malignant- can leave location (metastasize) and travel through blood and lymph system. Harmful.