Volcano and Mountain Activities

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Presentation transcript:

Volcano and Mountain Activities

What is a volcano? A mountain formed of lava and or pyroclastic material

Factors Affecting Eruption The primary factor that determines whether a volcano erupts violently or quietly include magma composition, magma temperature, and the amount of dissolved gases in the magma

Viscosity Dissolved Gases Is a substance’s resistance to flow Hotter the magma, more fluid and less viscous Directly related to its silica content (more silica, greater its viscosity) Dissolved Gases Water vapor and carbon dioxide More gases, the more violent the eruption

Volcanic Materials Lava Flow Pahoehoe: lava flow resembles the twisted braids in ropes Aa: lava flow that has a surface of rough, jagged blocks with dangerously sharp edges and spiny projections

Gases Pyroclastic material Fragments ejected during eruptions 70% water vapor 15% carbon dioxide 5% nitrogen 5% sulfur Pyroclastic material Fragments ejected during eruptions Varies in size from very fine and volcanic ash to pieces that weigh several tons

Composite Cone or Stratovolcano Types of Volcanoes Type Description Picture Shield Broad, slightly domed Produced by the accumulation of lava flow Ex: Hawaiian Island Cinder Cone Small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent Determined by a steep-sided slope Composite Cone or Stratovolcano Large, nearly symmetrical structure composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits Most dangerous Explosive Eruptions

Pyroclastic Flow Lahar Consist of hot gases, glowing ash, and larger rock fragments racing down the steep slope Lahar Mudflow that occurs when volcanic debris becomes saturated with water and rapidly moves down steep volcanic slopes