North American Peoples Chapter 1 Section 3

Early Native Americans The Hohokam: dwelled in present-day Arizona, bordered by the Gila and Salt River valleys, their way of life depended on the irrigation channels they dug to carry river water into their fields The Anasazi: dwelled in present-day Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, built stone dwellings called pueblos or villages (Pueblo Bonito) p. 29, built dwellings in the sides of cliffs…these were easy to defend and offered protection from weather

Early Native Americans The Mound Builders: dwelled in mounds of earth that look very much like stone pyramids, mounds can be found from present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley, as far north as the Great Lakes, and as far south as Florida. Mound Builders were the Adena, and the Hopewell. Cahokia: largest settlement of mound builders who dwelled in present-day Illinois. The city was dominated by the great pyramid shaped mound

Mound Builders

Peoples of the North Inuit – most likely the last immigrants to cross the land bridge into North America Built igloos Clothes of fur, caribou skins, and sealskins (warm and waterproof) Hunters and fishers Used skin covered boats Burned seal oil in lamps

Peoples of the West Tlingit, Haida, and Chinook people lived on the West coast using the resources of both the forest and the sea Built wooden houses and made canoes, cloth, and baskets out of tree bark Main food was fish (salmon). It was preserved by smoking it over fire. Nez Perce and Yakima people of the plateau region between the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountains fished, hunted, and gathered. Pomo (central valley of California) people were gatherers who used acorns to pound into flour…women did this work The Ute and the Shoshone people traveled between the Great Basin, the sierra Nevadas, and the Rocky Mountains searching for food. They lived in temporary shelters of branches and reeds.

Peoples of the Southwest The Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni people dwelled in the Southwest. They built homes from a sundried mud brick called adobe. They raised corn as their main food as well as other crops. The Apache and the Navajo later settled these areas. They were hunters and gatherers. Navajo are known for square houses called hogans. In addition to hunting and gathering, they grew maize and began raising sheep.

Peoples of the Plains The Great Plains people were nomadic and only settled in one place for a season or two. There homes, teepees, would travel with them. The men were hunters and the women tended plots of crops. The Comanche, the Dakota, and other Plains people became skilled horse riders. They hunted on horseback and used horses in warfare to attack enemies with long spears, bows and arrows, clubs, and knives.

People of the East and Southeast The people of the east woodlands formed complex political systems to govern their nations. The Iroquois and Cherokee had formal law codes and formed federations, governments that linked different groups. The Iroquois lived near Canada in present-day New York state. There were five Iroquois nations: Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, and Cayuga. This group eventually joined to form the Iroquois League. Women chose the 50 men who served on the league council.

People of the East and Southeast The Southeast was a warmer climate than the eastern woodlands. The Creek, Chickasaw, and Cherokee lived in this region. The Creek lived in present-day Georgia and Alabama. They grew corn and other crops. The Chickasaw mostly lived in now Mississippi and farmed the river bottomlands. The Cherokee farmed in the mountains of Georgia and the Carolinas.

Native Americans Native Americans developed ways of life that were well suited to their environments. The Europeans way of life (culture and beliefs) was vastly different from Native Americans. The arrival of Europeans would change the Native Americans world forever.