Seven Helpful Charts Diane Ritter
The Charts Pareto Chart Measure Cause-and-Effect Flow Chart Run (Trend) Chart Measure Time Histogram Measurement Measure Control Chart Measurement Time UCL LCL x Measure Scatter Diagram
Cause and Effect: “Wrong Hospital Meals” Wrong meals served to patients on both shifts Equipment People Procedures Policies Lack of funds Outdated “clothespin” system Fear of computers Unclear menu Training Antiquated Poor set-up Lack of time Unmotivated Overworked “Doctor’s Disease” Handwritten instructions poor Lack of awareness No system No feedback to person making mistakes Lack of staff Lack of attention in dietary Disciplinary policies Hiring policies in dietary Lack of emphasis GOAL, Memory Jogger
Flow Chart: “From Bed to Work” Sunrise Alarm goes off No Sleep late Yes Start coffee Bathroom Available No Wait Yes Shower Clothes Ready No Iron Clothes Yes Get Dressed Eat Breakfast Read Paper No Watch TV Car Available No Take Bus Yes Drive to Work Park in Lot No Park & Walk Yes Arrive at Work
Flow Chart 2: “P.C. Board Flow” Incoming Material: Components P.C. board Q.C. Vendor Repaired Use as is Fail Pass Auto Insertion Q.C. Rework/Scrap Fail Pass Hand Assembly Q.C. Fail Flow Chart 2: “P.C. Board Flow” Pass Wave Solder and Cleaning Q.C. Fail Rework/Scrap Pass Post Assembly Touch-up Q.C. Fail Pass Auto Test Rework/Scrap Fail Pass Ship
Flow Chart 3: A simple flow diagram - The mail order process BEGIN FILL OUT ORDER FORM CUSTOMER (CLIENT) SUBMIT ORDER RECEIVE ORDER; INSPECT IT PROCESS THE COMPLAINT INFORMATION COMPLETE? RETURN ORDER FORM TO CUSTOMER NO MAIL ORDER SUPPLIER Flow Chart 3: A simple flow diagram - The mail order process YES SHIP GOODS TO CUSTOMER RECEIVE GOODS; INSPECT THEM CUSTOMER (CLIENT) GOODS ACCEPT-ABLE? NO COMPLAIN TO SUPPLIER YES END
Flow Chart 4: Ordering Supplies Yes No Item out of stock Item Delivered! Notify Sergio (Item and Quantity). Delivery varies from 4-8 weeks. Deliver Next Day. Mail to University Stores. Fill out Order Form. Procurement Issues a Purchase Order. Send to Procurement Office (RICE 501). Procurement faxes the order to vendor. Deliver next day. University Stocked Item? University Approved Vendor? Flow Chart 4: Ordering Supplies
Pareto Chart: “Types of Injury”
Run (Trend) Chart: “Emergency Room Admissions” Goal, Memory Jogger
Histogram: “Print Density” Black Density of Print Goal, Memory Jogger
Scatter diagram: “Drive Time” Goal, Memory Jogger Goal, Memory Jogger
Control Chart Control Chart Measurement Time UCL LCL x Measure
Seven Helpful Charts Seven Helpful Charts a. Control, b. Cause-effect, c. Scatter diagram, d. Flow, e. Pareto, f. Run (trend), g. Histogram 1. There is a situation you are unhappy about. It is a complicated situation, so it is difficult to keep track of all of the variables in your head. 2. You have a complicated process you would like to improve. It’s not clear that everyone would identify the same steps. 3. You have identified a number of problems and want to work on the biggest problem first. 4. You are often late for work and want to understand why. 5. You have identified several reasons for why you are late for work and want to prioritize the list. 6. A hospital speculates that it has admissions “bulges” because of holidays. 7. You want to determine how frequently something occurs. 8. You want to plot a relationship between two variables. 9. You want to separate abnormal from normal variation 10. You want to determine whether a process is stable. 11. A Manufacturer wants to know if there is a correlation between shelf life and the stability of their product. 12. A print shop starts to receive complaints about the density of its print. The shop workers figured the density was always the same. 13. Your company submits many proposals to the federal government. They have identified a number of problems with the process and want to fix them in order of importance. 14. The ordering process takes too long and you want to understand why. 15. The rooms listed in the Schedule of Classes are sometimes not the rooms that courses end up meeting in.