8/31/16 Today I will discover facts about an element Warm Up – What is an element?

9/1/16 Today I will take the algebra diagnostic quiz. Warm Up – No warm up today. Thank math!

9/2/16 Today I will use the steps of the scientific method to solve problems. Warm Up – What is the scientific method?

Academic Chemistry Chapter 1 – Part 1 Measurements and Math Academic Chemistry Chapter 1 – Part 1

What is Chemistry? Chemistry – The study of matter and the changes it undergoes The central science! Chemistry overlaps so many other fields and professions!

Scientific Method What is the scientific method? A way of answering questions about the world we live in Why do we use the scientific method? Organization Communication Common sense

Scientific Method Steps 1. Identify the problem or question 2. Gather information and make observations 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis (experiment) 5. Analyze the data and form a conclusion

Scientific Method Hypothesis - Testable, educated guess Can never truly prove correct If I drop my pen, it will fall.

Scientific Method Natural Law – An idea that describes how nature behaves but does not explain why it behaves the way it does. All things fall toward the Earth.

Scientific Method Theory – Explanation of the Natural Law Things fall due to a naturally occurring force pulling all things toward the Earth.

Scientific Method How would I design a test to see if the size of the paper would change how far a paper airplane would fly? Define the problem Gather information Hypothesis

Scientific Method Independent Variable Dependent Variable Variable that is changed in a scientific experiment What we control Dependent Variable Variable that changes in relation to the independent variable What we measure Control Variables Things we purposely keep constant in an experiment

Scientific Method How would I design a test to see if the size of the paper would change how far a paper airplane would fly? Independent Variable? Dependent Variable? Control Variables? How might we do this?

Scientific Method How would I design a test to see if the size of the paper would change how far a paper airplane would fly? Analysis & Conclusion

Homework Scientific Method Homework

9/6/16 Today I will convert numbers to scientific notation Warm Up – I want to see if using the air conditioner in my car really uses more gas. If I design an experiment to test this, what is the dependent variable and what is the independent variable?

Numbers and Measurement! The rest of this chapter (both part 1 and part 2) is all about numbers!

Makes difficult numbers easier to use! Scientific Notation For very large or very small numbers! 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000001 Makes difficult numbers easier to use!

Numbers into Scientific Notation For numbers greater than one: 145,000 Place a decimal point after the first significant figure Add x 10 Count the number of places the decimal moved and place it as a positive exponent on the ten. Maintain significance. 5 1.45000 x 10

Numbers into Scientific Notation For numbers less than one: 0.01450 Place a decimal point after the first significant figure Add x 10 Count the number of places the decimal moved and place it as a negative exponent on the ten. Maintain significance -2 1.450 x 10

Numbers into Regular Notation For numbers greater than one (positive exponent): 1.45 x 105 Move the decimal to the right the number of spaces indicated by the exponent 145,000

Putting Numbers into Regular Notation For numbers less than one (negative exponent): 1.450 x 10-2 Move the decimal to the left the number of spaces indicated by the exponent 0.01450

Big numbers are positive! Scientific Notation Remember!!! Big numbers are positive! Small numbers are negative!

Scientific Notation Try these: 432400000 0.0000000000003 = 4.324 x 108

Calculators and Scientific Notation To put this number into your calculator, you must use the exponent key. Let’s find it!

Calculators and Scientific Notation -12 EE 6.4 x 10-12 To put this number into your calculator, you must use the exponent key. 6.4

Scientific Notation Do this math on your calculator: 2.34 x 106 * 5.63 x 10-12 6.54 x 1013 / 4.31 x 102 2.3 x 103 + 5.3 x 102 4.2 x 1023 – 1.8 x 1022 = 1.32 x 10-5 = 1.52 x 1011 = 2.8 x 103 = 4.0 x 1023

Homework Scientific Notation

9/7/16 Today I will measure objects to the correct degree of certainty Warm Up – Write the following in scientific notation: 78399271 0.0000332 5500

Measurements A measurement consists of a number and a unit. That boy is almost 7 tall. Seven what?? That boy is almost 7 feet tall.

Measurement Metric System SI units – base units Length - meter Mass– gram Volume - liter Time – second

Measurement Are mass and weight the same thing? Two very different ideas Mass – amount of material present (grams) Weight – gravity’s pull on the material (pounds, Newtons)

Measurement Metric System Prefix

m k m c m m m Measurement Metric System Numbers in the metric system are made up of a base and a prefix. Example – length is in meters m k m If there are more than one letter, there must be a prefix on your base! If you only have one letter, it must be your base! c m m m Be careful not to mix up milli- and meter!

Measurement Metric System Why is it Important?

Making Measurements Uncertainty in measurement When measuring, estimate the measurement to one place past the last place on the instrument.

Making Measurements Measuring Length

Making measurements Measuring to one place past will be the most confusing part of measurements!

Making measurements Special Case – when the estimation is zero!

Making measurements Special Case – when the estimation is zero!

Making measurements Measuring Mass Triple beam balance Remember to estimate! Measuring Mass Triple beam balance Electric balance Estimation done for you!

Making Measurements

Making Measurements Measuring Volume Volume of a liquid -read the bottom of the meniscus -usually mL (mL = cm3)

Making Measurements Measuring Volume Volume of a regular solid -geometry equations -cm*cm*cm=cm3 - 1mL = 1cm3 11.32 cm 6.85 cm 5.90 cm

Making Measurements Measuring Volume Volume of an irregular solid -water displacement

Homework Measurement

9/8/16 Today I will determine the number of significant figures in a number. Warm Up- Measure the following with both rulers:

Reliability Precision Accuracy Will give the same number over and over again Accuracy Will be close to the accepted value

Significant Figures In measurements, the certain and estimated digits together are the significant figures.

Significant Figures Four easy rules!!! #1 All Nonzero numbers are SIGNIFICANT! 324.5

3004.05 Significant Figures Four easy rules!!! #2 All “sandwiched” zeroes are SIGNIFICANT! 3204.05 3004.05

Significant Figures Four easy rules!!! #3 All leading zeroes are NEVER SIGNIFICANT! 0.0320405

3200 3200. 3200.00 Significant Figures Four easy rules!!! #4 Trailing zeroes are SIGNIFICANT if there is a decimal point anywhere in the number! 0.032040 3200 3200. 3200.00

Significant Figure Practice 0.057010 0.0026701 19.0550 3500 123 0.200 80000 5 significant figures 6 significant figures 2 significant figures 3 significant figures 1 significant figure

Rounding Do I have the correct number of significant figures? When rounding, you must ask yourself two important questions Do I have the correct number of significant figures? Does the number still mean the same thing?

Rounding Round the following numbers to 3 significant figures: 1232264 85421.55 0.2 0.057010 0.0026701 19.0550

Homework Significant Figures

9/9/16 Today I will demonstrate measuring various quantities in the lab.

9/12/16 Today I will determine the number of significant figures in a calculation Warm Up – How many significant figures are in the number : 0.002001100

Significant Figures in Calculations Multiplications and Division The measurement with the smallest number of significant figures determines the number of significant figures in your answer.

Significant Figures in Calculations Multiplications and Division 3.052 m x 2.10 m x 0.75 m 4 2 3 = 4.8069 m3 = 4.8 m3

Significant Figures in Calculations Addition and Subtraction The measurement with the largest uncertainty determines the number of significant figures in your answer.

Significant Figures in Calculations Addition and Subtraction 3.052 m - 2.10 m + 0.75 m = 1.702 m 3.052 m - 2.10 m +0.75 m 1.702 m = 1.70 m

Significant Figures in Calculations Addition and Subtraction 952.0 g + 1407 g + 23.911 g + 158.18 g 952.0 g 1407 g 23.911 g 158.18 g 2541.091 g = 2541 g

Significant Figures in Calculations Try some! (3.221)(9.76) 52 + 15.6 93.6 ÷ 2 19.5 – 1.5

Homework Significant Figures in Calculations #1

9/13/16 Today I will practice significant figures Warm Up 4.33 + 8.1 4.33 x 8.1

9/14/16 Today I will review chapter 1 – part 1. Warm Up – Write 574000 in scientific notation Write 2.1 x 107 in regular notation Calculate: 2.1 x 103 ÷ 5.2 x 104 5.74 x 105 21000000 4.04 x 10-2 (0.0404)

9/15/16 Today I will review chapter 1 – part 1. Warm Up – Write a paragraph about the metric system addressing a. bases b. prefixes c. large vs. small d. why we use it

9/16/16 Chapter 1A Exam Take one of each from the side table please!