Major Trade Routes of the Eastern Hemisphere Key Topic The FRAME Routine Major Trade Routes of the Eastern Hemisphere is about… Identifying trade patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000-1500 AD Essential details Silk routes across Asia to the Mediterranean Basin Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa Northern European links with the Black Sea Western European seas and river trade South China Sea and lands of SE Asia

Trading Contributions of the Eastern Hemisphere The FRAME Routine Key Topic Main idea is about… So What? (What’s important to understand about this?) Essential details Trading Contributions of the Eastern Hemisphere Trading and the diffusion of goods and ideas amongst different cultures Goods Technology Ideas Paper from China through the Muslim World to Byzantium and W. Europe Gold from West Africa Spread of religions across the hemisphere: - Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan - Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia - Islam into West Africa and Southeast Asia Spice trade from around the Indian Ocean New crops from India (ex. sugar) Textiles from India, China, and the Middle-East Waterwheels and windmills from the Middle-East Porcelain from China and Persia Navigation: Compass from China, Lateen Sail from Indian Ocean Region Amber from the Baltic Region Printing and paper money from China Trading spread different ideas and cultures, as well as creating economic interdependence

Trading Contributions of the Eastern Hemisphere Word Bank: - Spices - Textiles (x3) - Gold - Compass Where Islam spread - Printing - Lateen Sail - Buddhism spread Waterwheels - Paper Money - Porcelain - Windmills - Hinduism - New Crops Africa Middle East China India Goods= Technology= Ideas= X X

Japanese Civilization Influence of Chinese Culture The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . So What? Main Idea Details Japanese Civilization How Japanese culture was influenced by its geography and Chinese civilization Geography of Japan Influence of Chinese Culture Shinto Japan was influenced by China due to its close proximity Buddhism spread from China to Japan Architecture: Pagodas were influenced by Chinese Pavilions and Towers Japanese writing developed out of Chinese symbols Ethnic religion of Japan—concerned only with Japan and its people State religion of Japan - mean that the emperor was worshipped Worships the Kami - Kami= forces of nature and ancestors spirits Shinto and Buddhism coexisted in Japan Mountainous Terrain Archipelago (four main islands) Close proximity to China and Korea Separated from the Asian Mainland by the Sea of Japan (also known as East Sea) Japans close proximity to China allowed for the diffusion of Chinese goods, ideas, and beliefs onto the Japanese islands

Map of China, Japan, and Korea Sea of Japan Huang He River Korea Japan

African Kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe Key Topic The FRAME Routine African Kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe is about… Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms that thrived during the Medieval Period along the Eastern and Southeastern Coast Essential details Axum Kingdom Axum Kingdom: Located near: - Ethiopian Highlands (Axum= Modern Day Ethiopia) - Nile River Axum Kingdom practiced Christianity - A um= Christian Kingdom Nile River Ethiopian Highlands Kingdom of Zimbabwe: Located near: - Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers - Indian Ocean Capital city = “Great Zimbabwe” - Very prosperous (rich) empire Zambezi River Indian Ocean Limpopo River Kingdom of Zimbabwe

Religion of West Africa: Key Topic The FRAME Routine West African Kingdoms is about… The characteristics of the West African Kingdoms during the Medieval Period Essential details Trade and Timbuktu: Geography: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Empires were located in West Africa along the Niger River and Saharan Desert Empires made a profit trading gold and salt - Along the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes City of Timbuktu was a center for trade and learning - Crossroads for travelers and traders Sahara Desert Ghana Songhai Religion of West Africa: Mostly practiced Islam - Added the aspect of animism from previous African religions Mali

Map of West African Kingdoms Sahara Desert Middle East Ghana (800-1000 AD) Songhai (1450-1600 AD) Red Sea Mali (1200-1450 AD) Niger River = Timbuktu

Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere Main Idea Details So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere Locating and describing characteristics of the Mayan and Aztec Civilizations Mayan Aztec Located in the Mexican and Central American rain forests (300-900 AD) - Vanished/disappeared around 900 AD Represented by the City of Chichen Itza Political: Groups of city-states ruled by kings (independent of each other, each has their own king) Economy: Based on agriculture and trade - Used irrigation and raised field to grow maize Religion: Polytheistic—believe in more than one god - Pyramids were their religious structures Located in arid valley in central Mexico (1200-1521 AD) Represented by the City of Tenochtitlan Political: Ruled by an emperor (one person who controlled the entire empire) Economy: Based on agriculture and tribute from conquered peoples - Built floating gardens Religion: Polytheistic—believe in more than one god - Pyramids were their religious structures - Used extreme religious rituals The social, economic, and political patterns of the Western Hemisphere

Map of Western Hemisphere: Mayan Empire Aztec Empire North America North America Mexico Central America South America South America

Achievements on the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incans: Main Idea Details Achievements on the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incans: The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere Locating and describing characteristics of the Incans Civilizations Incan Empire: Incans Located in the Andes Mountains of South America (1200-1572 CE (A.D.) Represented by the city of Machu Picchu Political: Ruled by an emperor Economic: Based on high-altitude agriculture (terrace-farming) Religion: Polytheistic Developed a road system along the mountains North America Pacific Ocean South America Incans - Calendars - Mathematics - Writing and record-keeping systems