DO NOW Describe Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union. What political cartoon did he create to visually illustrate his plan?

North America - 1753 Canada Canada Map #1

How Britain Won

ENGLAND-13 colonies, NW Canada SPAIN-Florida, the SW to the Pacific and Mexico (known as New Spain) FRANCE-Ohio River Valley North to Canada and West to New Spain (known as New France and Louisiana)

Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War European powers competed for trade and colonies around the globe.

France and England both claimed land in North America English settlers pushing westward clashed with French fur traders in Ohio Valley

France Maintain Control Ohio Valley Profitable fur trade w/ Native Americans Linked France’s landholdings in Canada w/Louisiana. Water routes

Britain Control Ohio Valley Expand west of 13 colonies – crossing Appalachian Mountains Rich farmland Water routes Take over profitable fur trade w/Native Americans

French Build Series of Forts Forts built up and down the Ohio River to the Mississippi River and down to the Gulf of Mexico

Meanwhile, traders from New York and Pennsylvania crossed the Appalachian Mountains looking for furs

French thought native Americans would side with them since they were trappers and traders not farmers like the British. Why is this important?

FRENCH ALLIES ALGONQUINS HURONS

BRITISH ALLIES Powerful Iroquois Nation William Johnson, English trader---had Iroquois wife, Molly Brant who was a Mohawk Chief’s sister-Joseph Brant

British Allies English charged less for trade goods than French.

Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers Washington ordered to take 150 men and build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet. On the way there, they hear the French just completed Fort Duquesne in the same spot they were heading.

Fort Duquesne

Washington and his men build a makeshift stockade. Fort Necessity Washington and his men build a makeshift stockade. They soon get surrounded by French and Indian forces and are forced to surrender

Albany Congress They wanted to accomplish two things: Persuade the Iroquois to help them against the French To plan a united defense

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION Planned by Ben Franklin of PA Called for Grand Council with representatives from each colony One government would make laws, raise taxes, set up defense for the colonies

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION Delegates accepted it but each colony’s assembly’s rejected it Colonial assemblies did not want to give up their power to a central government

General Edward Braddock Led British and colonial troops in an attack against Fort Duquesne. What do you think, is it going to be different fighting a war in the wilderness of North America rather than the open fields of Europe?

They had to move slowly because they had to clear roads through thick forests. Braddock ignored warnings from Indian Scouts. They were headed for disaster at Fort Duquesne

Braddock and his men wore bright red jackets They marched in straight lines They were ambushed by French and Native American sharpshooters who hid in the forest and picked off the British

William Pitt In 1757 William Pitt becomes new head of British government. He sends best generals to colonies Payment to colonists for military service and supplies

In 1758, General Amhearst Captured Fort Louisbourg and then Fort Duquesne which is renamed Fort Pitt

Battle for Quebec Quebec is vital to the protection of New France Quebec supplied French forts along the St. Lawrence River

Battle for Quebec The city sat on/bordered Plains of Abraham, steep cliff high above St. Lawrence River French General Marquis de Montcalm

General James Wolfe devises plans to row to foot of cliff. Soldiers climbed cliff and surprised French Fierce fighting broke out and Montcalm and Wolfe both laid dead

Treaty of Paris On September 18, 1759 Quebec surrendered to British In 1763, Great Britain and France signed Treaty of Paris

What did Britain gain? Britain gained Canada and all French lands East of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.

What Did Spain Gain? Spain gave Florida to Britain. Spain received all of the French land West of Mississippi Received port of New Orleans

What was France Allowed to Keep? France kept two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence France kept some sugar-growing islands in the West Indies

Pontiac’s War English settlers now go West with the French gone and build forts and farms on Native American land English raised prices of goods traded to Native Americans

Pontiac’s War Chief Pontiac leads an attack on British soldiers at Fort Detroit Other Native American nations joined Pontiac to capture forts in Ohio Valley British and colonists retaliated

Proclamation of 1763 Drew an imaginary line on the crest of the Appalachians. Colonists could not settle West of that line which upset them. If living there had to move Britain sent 10,000 troops to enforce it. Colonists pay for.