Bell Ringer What is slash-and-burn agriculture? Why was it only beneficial for a few years? THE EASTERN MOUND BUILDERS PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHWEST AND GREAT PLAINS PEOPLES OF THE WOODLANDS

THE EASTERN MOUND BUILDERS Lived in eastern North America – between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean Lived along rivers as hunter-gathers and eventually began to grow their own food Historians are not sure why they declined The Adena: Constructed mounds that were used as tombs Most likely took part in long-distance trading Little is known about daily life, declined about 100 B.C.

THE EASTERN MOUND BUILDERS The Hopewell Culture: Built larger mounds than the Adena Lived in many small communities with local leaders Grew a variety of crops The Mississippians: Began around 700 A.D., also built mounds and grew crops (maize and beans) Major centers of government and religion developed in present-day Alabama and Georgia Cahokia: largest Mississippian center that had the largest mound in North America

PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHWEST AND GREAT PLAINS The Ancient Ones: Anasazi: one of the ancient Native American peoples of the Southwest. Constructed pueblos: stone or adobe dwelling, part of a cluster of dwellings built close together. Kivas: round rooms used for special religious ceremonies. Droughts between 1275-1300 caused them to abandon their pueblos.

PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHWEST AND THE GREAT PLAINS Later Pueblo Peoples: Groups that upheld Anasazi customs (pueblos, pottery, skilled farming) Relied on irrigation for water for farming Believed in many spirits, called kachinas The Plains Indians: Great Plains: a mostly flat and grassy region of western North America Individual groups that had their own languages and traditions (some were farmers, others roamed the plains) Arrival of European settlers caused many Native American cultures to break down

PEOPLES OF THE WOODLANDS Lived in woodlands in different parts of Canada and the United States Hunted in forests and fished in rivers Built remarkable structures called totem poles – had images of animals and used as a family crest/symbol of wealth and power Eastern woodlands included the five Iroquois Nations – Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Oneida Governed their own villages but met to decide issues as a whole Best organized political system in the Americas when the Europeans arrived