The Triumph of Elizabeth 1563-1603 How effectively did the Tudors restore and develop the powers of monarchy? In what ways and how effectively was England governed during this period? How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured? How far did intellectual and religious ideas change and develop and with what effects? How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments?

Syllabus Foreign affairs: issues of succession; Mary Queen of Scots: relations with Spain

What do you think were the main priorities for Tudor monarchs when considering foreign policy?

Priorities for Tudor monarchs The protection of the cloth trade between England and the Netherlands The prevention of a hostile country building up a power base along the English Channel or in Ireland The protection of the northern borders because Scotland was traditionally an ally of France

Elizabeth’s foreign policy: The Traditional View What ‘view’ is summed up in this picture?

Elizabeth’s foreign policy: The Traditional View – Elizabeth won Yeah! Elizabeth defeats the Armada. English maritime power is established. She’s a huge success. Hurrah! Well done Elizabeth!

But it’s a bit more complicated that than. Key questions: How far were Elizabeth and her ministers in control? Did Elizabeth have a foreign policy or was she just reacting to events? How far was religion the driving force behind Elizabeth’s decisions? Was war with Spain inevitable?

Did Philip and Elizabeth want war? No but events drove them towards it – Mary Q/S 1568-87, excommunication 1570, dutch war 1568-1648

Tensions between England and Spain 1558-1588 page 220-2 What happened in 1566? What would the reaction in England be? Why was the Netherlands important to England? What did Elizabeth want to happen in the Netherlands? Why didn’t Elizabeth support the rebels officially? How did she support them unofficially? Do Foreign policy work on page 6&7 in homework booklet

War 1585 - 1603 page 224-227 Why was war more likely in 1584? 3 reasons What was the solution? What were the terms of the treaty? ( and its name) What did Elizabeth's government do – 2 things

What do you know about the Spanish Armada?

“God blew and they were scattered”

Armada 1588 Why did it fail. /Did the English win. https://vimeo https://vimeo.c om/83530381 https://www.yo utube.com/watc h?v=34XrdXiOQ TY more detail ignore ending https://www.yo utube.com/watc h?v=YlDA8cquO cU dan snow

Foreign policy 1558-72? Support for Protestants Trade with the Netherlands Improved relations with France Privateers and sea beggars 1572 Revolt in the Netherlands begins Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve

Foreign policy 1572-85? Support for Protestants Trade with the Netherlands Improved relations with France Privateers and sea beggars Avoid war Revolt in the Netherlands

Foreign policy 1585-1603 - Direct Support for Protestants in the Netherlands Trade with the Netherlands Privateers and sea beggars War

“God blew and they were scattered” So what, now what?

Where can we attack the Spanish

Where can we attack the Spanish

Where can we attack the Spanish

How successful was foreign policy 1588-1603? War with Spain Evidence of Success Evidence of Failure Overall Judgement /10 Netherlands 1590s Maurice of Nassau helped by a small no of English and English money win victories Leicester's expedition in 1585 1594 Dutch in control of northern part At Sea/New World France Portugal & Spain Overall

Netherlands Not openly support rebels but prevent Spain recovering control

War with Spain was inevitable? Assess the validity of this view Armada but Policy or not? Caution = Philip and Eliz tried to avoid war Lack of money economic depression Let the Dutch/French fight the war for her Loss of trade Becomes queen

She was not one of England’s great war leaders and she only half achieved her aims. Yet to have helped the French monarchy to its feet, to have saved half the Netherlands from Spanish tyranny, to have kept the other half out of Spanish possessions and England itself out of bankruptcy, was a fair achievement against Philip II of Spain Elizabeth’s war aims and strategy, RB Wernham 1961

Cost of war War in Netherlands £2 million 1585-98 War in France £580,000 1589-93 Armada campaign £161,000 1588 Crush rebellion in Ireland £1million 1599-1601

Exploration and colonisation Homework book Pic – walter raleigh

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7YBaiJMnik Tobacco

Exam practice questions To what extent did the Spanish Armada symbolise a failure in Elizabeth’s foreign policy? To what extent was Elizabethan foreign policy proactive? Was war with Spain inevitable